Competitive Destabilization/Stabilization of β‐Lactoglobulin Foam by PEO‐PPO‐PEO Polymeric Surfactants

The effect on β‐lactoglobulin foamability and foam stability of the poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers F127 (PEO₉₉‐PPO₆₅‐PEO₉₉), molecular weight 12500 g/mol, and P85 (PEO₂₆‐PPO₃₉‐PEO₂₆), molecular weight 4600 g/mol, has been investigated at constant protein concentration, 10 µM (0.2 mg/L), and varying block copolymer concentrations, ranging from 0.02 to 1600 µM. Foam was generated by means of air sparging and the foam volume and liquid volume of the foam were measured for one hour. It was found that foam stabilized by F127 or P85 in the concentration range 20–1600 µM contained a larger liquid volume initially than pure β‐lactoglobulin foam. Furthermore, β‐lactoglobulin foamability was only marginally affected by the presence of F127, while it was reduced in an interval of low P85 concentrations. The protein foam stability was retained in the presence of the larger polymer F127, whereas P85 largely reduced the stability, indicating that the size of the polymeric surfactant is important. The results are discussed in relation to surface rheological properties and forces acting across foam films. Steric repulsion generated between the surfaces of foam films is suggested to be the main stabilizing factor in dry foam containing F127. The instability of the mixed β‐lactoglobulin/P85 system is suggested to be caused by two effects. First, there are incompatible stabilization mechanisms of block copolymer and protein, as supported by previous surface rheological data. Second, there is a reduced importance of long‐range steric repulsion when P85 is added, compared to the case where F127 and β‐lactoglobulin are mixed.     

泡沫金属微反应器内富氢重整气中CO选择性甲烷化

在微反应器中,用泡沫金属镍为载体负载4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2双金属催化剂,用于选择性甲烷化去除富氢重整气中的CO。考察了催化剂负载方法、焙烧温度和空速等对CO选择性甲烷化的影响,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂制备方法与催化性能的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,直接将4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2催化剂涂布在泡沫镍片上,350℃下焙烧,反应温度为260℃,空速为2 000 h-1~6 000 h-1,可将富氢转化气中CO降至30×10-6以下,其中空速为5 000 h-1,可将CO出口浓度降至7×10-6,CO2的转化率低于1.5%。反应温度在260℃~300℃,CO的转化率在99.6%以上,CO出口浓度在50×10-6以下。     

CO2 气氛下 MCF 负载氧化钒催化剂上乙苯脱氢反应

 以介孔氧化硅泡沫 MCF 为载体合成了一系列负载型氧化钒催化剂 (V 含量为 2%?10%). 采用 N2 吸附、X 射线衍射和 H2 程序升温还原对 V/MCF 催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了表征, 并评价了催化剂在 CO2 气氛下的乙苯脱氢性能. V/MCF 催化剂具有较高的乙苯脱氢活性, 其中 V 含量为 6% 的催化剂具有最高的反应活性. V/MCF 催化剂的乙苯脱氢活性显著高于 V/MCM-41, 这是由于前者具有较高的可还原性以及较好的扩散性能. CO2 气氛下的乙苯转化率明显高于 N2 气氛下的, 这归因于 CO2 与乙苯发生氧化脱氢, 并通过逆水煤气变换反应在线除去脱氢反应生成的氢.     

Enhancement of PUR/PIR foam thermal stability after addition of Zostera marina biomass component investigated via thermal analysis and isoconversional kinetics

In the present work, a thorough thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of bio-based polyurethane–polyisocyanurate (PUR–PIR) foams in both nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere is performed. A sustainable element of the foam is a biopolyol obtained via acid-catalyzed liquefaction of Zostera marina and Enteromorpha Algae biomass. Based on isoconversional analysis and apparent activation energies, several conclusions are obtained. In contradiction to the common understanding, biopolyol based foams exhibit enhanced stability in both oxidative atmosphere and in nitrogen compared to purely petrochemical foams. Relationships between thermal stability and structure of the foams are established. Enhanced stability of bio-based foams in oxygen is attributed to two factors. First is an increased cross-linking density due to higher hydroxyl number of biopolyol compared to petrochemical one. Possibly the presence of more amount of aromatic compounds in the structure of polyols that come from lignin or aromatic ketones contribute to further enhancement of thermal stability. Those results suggest that the studied biobased foams are prospective alternatives to standard petrochemical PUR foams.     

泡沫铜无溶剂催化氧化苄醇的应用研究

本文报道了在模拟的鼓泡床反应器中,以1-甲基咪唑(NMI)和2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶基氧基(TEMPO)作为助催化剂,空气泵鼓入空气作为氧源,泡沫铜作为催化剂,室温、无溶剂条件下催化氧化苄醇的应用研究.具体优化条件为:以50 mmol苯甲醇为反应底物,2.5 mmol泡沫铜,0.625 mmol NMI,2.5...     

泡沫塑料富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定有色金属矿物中低品位伴生金含量

近年来,我国的金矿资源不断减少,矿石逐渐趋向于“贫、细、杂”。随着现代选矿技术在不断向前发展,加强对低品位伴生金资源的有效开采和利用,在矿业界中逐渐引起重视。在当前我国经济技术支撑下,选矿行业对这方面做了大量的工作,使低品位伴生金的回收利用方面取得了很大的进步。本文以云南锡业某矿区有色金属矿物中低品位伴生金含量进行金的检测分析,通过对矿石矿物结构性质的了解,以及金的检测方法比对,选用分析操作快捷、经济、安全、环保,结果有保障的泡沫塑料富集火焰原子吸收光谱法,经2个国家标准物质验证,并抽取当地6个代表性样品分析结果精密度和准确度进行考察,RSD(n=11)均小于20%,样品加标回收率在95.2～109%,达到了对金含量的检测目的。     

Foaming behavior of polypropylene/polystyrene blends enhanced by improved interfacial compatibility

A series of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends were prepared by solvent blending with PS‐grafted PP copolymers (PP‐g‐PS) having different PS graft chain length as compatibilizers. The interfacial compatibility was significantly improved with increasing PS graft chain length until the interface was saturated at PS graft chain length being 3.29 × 10³ g/mol. The blends were foamed by using pressure‐quenching process and supercritical CO₂ as the blowing agent. The cell preferentially formed at compatibilized interface because of low energy barrier for nucleation. Combining with the increased interfacial area, the compatibilized interface lead to the foams with increased cell density compared to the uncompatibilized one. The increase in interfacial compatibility also decreased the escape of gas, held more gas for cell growth, and facilitated the increase in expansion ratio of PP/PS blend foams. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1641–1651, 2008     

基于隐式离散极大值原理的聚合物驱最优注入策略

为了获得聚合物驱油的最大利润,建立了确定最佳聚合物注入浓度的最优控制模型.利用全隐式差分格式将连续模型离散化得到离散系统的状态方程.通过隐含离散系统的极大值原理获得了该最优控制问题的必要条件.给出了基于梯度的数值求解方法,在求解状态方程的过程中直接构造了伴随问题的系数矩阵.通过一个三维聚合物驱模型的计算实例表明了所提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

航空发动机金属海绵通风器分离特性数值研究

建立了一套金属海绵分离特性的数值研究方法。以金属海绵和金属海绵通风器为研究对象,采用体心立方模型作为金属海绵的简化模型;采用N-S方程求解流场,运用DPM模型对研究对象的油气分离特性进行了数值计算;并通过实验数据验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。在此基础上,分析了不同的金属海绵结构参数、不同的通风器工况对分离特性的影响。结果表明,金属海绵有较大的孔密度和较小的孔隙率时,对油滴的分离效率更高;而金属海绵通风器的转速和入口流量较大时,对油滴的分离效率更高。研究发现,金属海绵通风器对尺寸很小的油滴有很好的分离效率并具有更好的综合性能。     

不同含水期轻质油藏空气泡沫驱试验

采用室内物理模拟的方法进行轻质水驱油藏转空气泡沫驱试验,研究油藏含水饱和度对空气与不同性质轻质原油的氧化反应速率及原油耗氧程度的影响。在此基础上,进行长细管耗氧检测试验及水驱后的双管提高采收率试验。结果表明:耗氧量与原油黏度没有绝对的关系,存在一个含水饱和度拐点,当油藏含水饱和度低于此饱和度时,氧化反应速率较大,空气中的氧气基本可以完全消耗;空气泡沫注入油藏之后,氧气被大量消耗,气体突破时的氧气体积分数接近于零,待高温氧化带到达出口端,氧气体积分数突然升高,耗氧效果变差;空气泡沫的注入可以有效封堵高渗管启动低渗管,提高采收率约10.9%。