酸性清洁压裂液体系性能研究及现场应用

为了适应CO_2泡沫压裂施工要求,通过芥酸酰胺丙基-N,N-二甲基叔胺盐胶束与高分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混,制得一种耐酸性表面活性剂/聚合物清洁压裂液;并对压裂液的相关性能进行了系统评价。实验结果表明:在80℃、90 min剪切作用后,压裂液黏度依然维持90 m Pa·s左右;储能模量G'为7 Pa,耗能模量G″为1 Pa,压裂液具有较好的黏弹性;压裂液在矿化度1 000~8 000 mg·L~(-1)均可满足悬砂要求;破胶液黏度低于5m Pa·s,残渣含量为50 mg·L~(-1),破胶液表面张力为23.88 m N·m~(-1),界面张力为0.024 6 mN·m~(-1),破胶残渣粒径平均值为40 nm;岩心伤害率在11%以下,压裂液对支撑剂短期导流能力的伤害率在15%以下,可满足压裂施工要求。现场试验结果表明:该压裂液携砂性能好,泡沫质量高,增产效果明显,适合CO_2泡沫压裂施工。     

超临界CO2/水交替微观驱油特征研究

针对水气交替驱过程中CO_2与水能否接触、对剩余油动用能力等热点问题,利用高温高压微观可视模型,研究了不同密度CO_2驱后剩余油分布类型及挖潜对策,描述了水气交替微观封堵特征及对剩余油动用能力。实验结果表明,超临界CO_2的高密度特性,可扩大CO_2向油藏中下部的扩散运移;CO_2驱后剩余油以油膜类、盲端类、等势点类、未波及区域为主,其中等势点及未波及区域是下步挖潜主要对象;水气交替的注水阶段与注气阶段呈现出不同的贾敏效应,其中注气阶段贾敏效应明显;水气交替可显著改善等势点类剩余油,但未波及区域动用程度不高。     

高原环境对水成膜泡沫灭火剂灭火性能影响

使用水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)分别在都江堰(海拔700 m)和康定机场(海拔4 290 m)进行灭航空煤油池火实验,研究高原低压低氧环境对水成膜泡沫灭火剂灭火性能影响。实验研究发现高原环境下航空煤油池火火功率减小,燃烧速率降低,水成膜泡沫灭火剂的灭火性能增强。     

不同CO2驱开发方式微纳米级别孔喉适用范围研究

为了研究不同CO₂驱开发方式在油藏微纳米级别孔喉内适用范围,采用高温高压核磁共振方法,建立核磁共振T2谱与孔喉尺寸的转换关系,定量描述了水驱、CO₂驱、水气交替驱、泡沫驱在天然岩心内驱油范围及增油来源。实验结果表明：水驱可进入0.1μm级别孔喉,CO₂可进入0.01μm级别孔喉,水驱产油以可动油为主,CO₂驱增油以束缚油为主;在多轮次驱替后,岩心出现大孔道,水气交替和泡沫驱可产生封堵,但泡沫驱适应范围更广,在0.1um级别以下孔喉采出程度高于水气交替30个百分点。     

Modifying the physicochemical properties,solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins by ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting treatment

This study investigated the effects of different treatment of alkaline pH-shifting on milk protein concentrate (MPC), micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) assisted by the same ultrasound conditions, including changes in the physicochemical properties, solubility and foaming capacity. The solubility of milk proteins had a significant increase with gradual enhancement of ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting (p < 0.05), especially for MCC up to 99.50 %. Also, treatment made a significant decline in the particle size of MPC and MCC, as well as the turbidity of the proteins (p < 0.05). The foaming capacity of MPC, MCC, and WPI was all improved, especially at pH 11, and at this pH, the milk protein also showed the highest surface hydrophobicity. The best foaming capacity at pH 11 was the result of the combined effect of particle size, potential, protein conformation, solubility, and surface hydrophobicity. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment was found to be effective in improving the physicochemical properties and solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins, especially MCC, with promising application prospect in food industry.     

Structure and Mechanical Stability of Epoxy Modified Polyurethane Foam Under Heat and Stress

A series of phenolic epoxy resin (PEP) modified polyurethane foams (PUF) were prepared via an in-situ polymerization, one step process. It was found that the epoxy modified PUF foam exhibited a perforated network structure with larger cell size, higher open cell porosity and enhanced ovality compared with pure PUF. With increasing content of PEP, the tensile strength, elongation at break and low temperature modulus of PUF decreased. A single T_g was observed for PEP modified PUF, indicating that the two component phases of the polyurethane-epoxy were miscible. With increasing PEP content, the T_g of PUF shifted slightly to higher temperature, tan δ_max dropped to lower values, and the retention value of the storage modulus at ?20 and ?10?°C increased. For pure PUF, the cell walls degraded and the structure became disordered after aging under heat and stress, while for PUF/20wt%PEP, the degradation degree was obviously reduced, and an orientation of the cells along the stress direction and a density increase was observed. During aging at 200?°C, the retention of the mechanical properties of PUF/20wt% PEP was much higher than that of pure PUF, and it showed superior stability under heat and stress, attributed to incorporation of the thermally resistant oxazolidone rings and benzene rings in the PU backbones, the highly cross-linked networks of the polyurethane-epoxy systems and the obvious orientation of the cells under stress.     

Cu/CuO-Graphene Foam with Laccase-like Activity for Identification of Phenolic Compounds and Detection of Epinephrine

Although great progress has been made in the advancement of nanozymes, most of the studies focus on mimicking peroxidase, oxidase, and catalase, while relatively few studies are used to mimic laccase. However, the use of nanomaterials to mimic laccase activity will have great potential in environmental and industrial catalysis. Herein, Cu/CuO-graphene foam with laccase-like activity was designed for the identification of phenolic compounds and the detection of epinephrine. In a typical experiment, the formation mechanism of Cu/CuO-graphene foam was investigated during the pyrolysis process by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry. As a laccase mimic, Cu/CuO-graphene foam exhibited excellent catalytic activity with a Michaelis-Menten constant and a maximum initial velocity of 0.17 mmol/L and 0.012 mmol∙L^-1∙s^-1, respectively. Based on this principle, Cu/CuO-graphene foam nanozyme could differentially catalyze phenolic compounds and 4-aminoantipyrine for simultaneous identification of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, a colorimetric sensing platform was fabricated for the quantitative determination of epinephrine, showing linear responses to epinephrine in the range of 3 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL with the detection limit of 0.2 mg/mL. The proposed Cu/CuO-graphene foam nanozyme could be applied for the identification of phenolic compounds and the detection of epinephrine, showing great potential applications for environmental monitoring, biomedical sensing, and food detection fields.     

Self‐assembled polyurea macromer nanodispersion and resulting hybrid polyurea‐acrylic emulsions and films

A polyurea macromer (PUM) was synthesized and dispersed in basic conditions to form self‐assembled nanoparticles (<20 nm dispersions, up to 30 wt % aq. soln.). These nanoparticles enabled surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization to form hybrid polyurea‐acrylic particles despite the absence of a measureable water‐soluble fraction. The T_g of the starting PUM material was a strong function of the PUM's extent of neutralization and hydration (varying between 100 °C and >175 °C) due to changes in hydrogen and ionic bonding. Two separate hybrid polyurea‐acrylic emulsion systems were prepared: one by direct polymerization of (meth)acrylic monomers in the presence of the nanodispersion and a second by a physical blend of PUM nanodispersion with an acrylic latex control. The direct polymerization method resulted in a hybrid emulsion particle size that developed by a mechanism resembling conventional emulsion polymerization and was unlike that described for seeded polyurethane dispersion systems. Film hardness was shown to increase with increasing coating thickness for the hybrid film prepared by direct polymerization. The resulting mechanical properties could be explained by applying mechanical models for a composite foam structure. These results were unprecedented for normal elastomer films. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1373–1388     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注水驱油提高采收率研究

Y油田为缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,油藏复杂的地质特征决定了其开发模式有别于常规砂岩油藏.为了有效提高Y油田采收率,利用Eclipse数值模拟软件建立了地质模型,对水平井长度、射孔间距及酸压缝长等油藏产能影响因素与转注时机、注采比以及关井时间等注采参数进行了优化.结果认为:对于Y缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,水平井水平段长度为500m、射孔间距为20m或酸压规模为100m时,累计产油量可达到最大值;压力降至废弃压力时进行转注,可获得最大采收率;周期注采比等于1时,周期时效与累计增油量达到最大值;关井时间为8天时,采收率提高幅度最大.     

One-step synthesis of Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets derived from bimetallic foam for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and overall water splitting

For the first time, the Fe-Ni LDH nanosheets were prepared through simple one-step hydrothermal treatment of Fe-Ni bimetallic foam both as the substrate and Fe/Ni sources. The ratio of Ni/Fe elements played the important role in realizing the optimal catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). An alkaline water electrolyzer was constructed with the Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets/Fe-Ni alloy foam-60% Fe as anode and Ni(OH)₂/Fe-Ni alloy foam-25% Fe as cathode, which displays superior electrolytic performance (affording 10 mA/cm² at 1.62 V) and lasting durability.