特种泡沫塑料的动态力学性能研究

通过大尺寸分离式Hopkinson压杆对特种泡沫塑料进行了高应变率冲击实验，完整地给出了该材料在高应变率下的动态应力应变曲线，并将结果和理论上的Eyring模型进行了比较，指出了这种材料在一定的应变率范围内，具有明显的应变率效应，同时从应力应变曲线的特点来看，这种材料又有良好的吸能特性，最后通过对实验数据的拟合，提出了便于工程应用的动态本构方程。     

Dynamic and Quasi-Static Propagation of Compaction Waves in a Low-Density Epoxy Foam

We conducted dynamic and quasi-static compression experiments with low-density (ρ = 120 kg/m³) epoxy foam specimens. The specimens had a 10.0-mm-square cross-section and a length of 19.3 mm. Dynamic experiments were conducted with a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), and the quasi-static experiments were conducted with a hydraulic load frame device (MTS-810). In both cases, the specimens were loaded from one end at a constant velocity. Equally spaced grid lines were marked on the specimens to monitor the deformation history. Digital images taken at equally spaced time intervals gave the positions of each grid line. These images showed that a constant end-face velocity V produced a compaction wave front that traveled at a constant velocity C in both dynamic and quasi-static experiments. We described these results with a shockwave analysis that used a locking solid material model.     

PVDF压电薄膜在应力波测量中的应用

综合介绍了PVDF压力传感器的测试原理、动态标定实验，并采用定制的PVDF压力传感器测量了不同类型分层介质在冲击载荷作用下的压力衰减，说明了PVDF压力传感器在压力测量中有着很好的前景．     

低密度开孔泡沫材料力学模型的理论研究进展

开孔泡沫材料主要用于隔音、减振和填充方面，对其力学行为进行理论描述，探讨力学性能与密度及复杂微结构的关系具有十分重要的学术价值和工程意义．为了促进国内泡沫材料力学的发展和交流，文中对低密度开孔泡沫材料力学模型的研究历史进行了简要回顾，重点介绍了能较好地反映开孔泡沫材料真实胞体结构特点的十四面体胞体模型和随机胞体模型，并报道了近年来基于十四面体胞体模型和随机胞体模型研究低密度开孔泡沫材料力学行为的一些理论工作、同时，也对国内的一些相关研究情况进行了简要评述，指出了该领域今后的一些研究方向．     

Simulation and transport phenomena of a ternary two-phase flow

A chemical flood model for a three-component (petroleum, water, injected chemical) two-phase (aqueous, oleic) system is presented. It is ruled by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations: the continuity equation for the transport of each of its components and Darcy's equation for the two-phase flow. The transport mechanisms considered are ultralow interfacial tension, capillary pressure, dispersion, adsorption, and partition of the components between the fluid phases (including solubilization and swelling).The mathematical model is numerically solved in the one-dimensional case by finite differences using an explicit and direct iterative procedure for the discretization of the conservation equations. Numerical results are compared with Yortsos and Fokas' exact solution for the linear waterflood case including capillary pressure effects and with Larson's model for surfactant flooding. The effects of the above-mentioned transport mechanisms on concentration profiles and on oil recovery are also analyzed.     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料压缩杨氏模量的理论预测

通过微分法导出了泡沫塑料剪切模量和体积模量所满足的微分方程组，再利用联系泡沫塑料泊松比和孔隙比的Ｋｅｒｎｅｒ－Ｒｕｓｃｈ经验关系及泡沫塑料弹性常数间满足足的关系，在基体材料不可压缩的假设下，确定了泡沫塑料的杨氏模量。本文针对几种密度的泡沫塑料，分别对它们的杨氏模量进行了理论预测和实验测定，结果表明：理论预测的模量在较高密度下与实验符合的很好，在低密度下也给出相当好的近似值。此外，本文的结果同其他理     

Synthesis and performances for treating oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding of new demulsifiers based on polyoxyalkylated N,N‐dimethylethanolamine

Usually, oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding (OWPF) was treated by cationic polymer in oilfield. In this paper, six block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide were prepared by using N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) as the acceptor (DMEA‐mnp and DMEA‐mnpq, n:m:p:q represented the weight ratio of different blocks). Most of DMEA products could perform well for treating OWPF, especially DMEA1231. Their performances were mainly affected by temperature. The reason of increasing oil removal performance of DMEA1231 with temperature was the decrease of interfacial dilational modulus (ε) with increasing temperature. When temperature raised up to 55°C, the ε of DMEA1231 had the minimum (1.5 l mN/m). Therefore, the OiW had the minimum (90 mg/l). Because DMEA1231 had the best performance, its flocculation kinetics was studied systemically. The results showed that the optimum condition for DMEA1231 was as follows: dosage was 300 mg/l, temperature was 55°C, stirring speed was 200 rpm and stirring time was 5 min. At last, the offshore oil field test was carried out to check the DMEA1231 performance. The result showed that at the optimum condition, DMEA1231 could perform as well as the cationic polymer. The most important thing was that flocs of DMEA1231 were not viscous and floated on the surface of the water. The results obtained by this paper provide a good choice for the treatment of OWPF in offshore oilfield to avoid the formation of viscous flocs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sol-Gel Microspheres Doped with Glycerol: A Structural Insight in Light of Forthcoming Applications in the Polyurethane Foam Industry

Porous silica-based microspheres encapsulating aqueous glycerol can be potential curing agents for one-component foams (OCFs). Such agents have the advantage of an enhanced sustainability profile on top of being environmentally friendly materials. A synthetically convenient and scalable sol-gel process was used to make silica and organosilica microspheres doped with aqueous glycerol. These methyl-modified silica microspheres, named “GreenCaps”, exhibit remarkable physical and chemical stability. The microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy at reduced pressure, and cryogenic nitrogen adsorption—desorption analysis. The structure of the materials was also analyzed at the molecular level by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. As expected, the degree of methylation affects the degree of encapsulation and pore structure. Microspheres similarly methylated, however, can differ considerably in surface area and pore size due to the templating effect of glycerol on the organosilica structure. The results of the structure analysis reveal that glycerol is efficiently encapsulated, acts as a template, barely leaches over time, but is released by depressurization. A proper application of these microspheres can later on enhance both the environmental and health profile, as well as the technical performance (curing speed, foam quality, and froth thixotropy) of spray polyurethane foams.     

A novel method to prepare microcellular poly(vinyl alcohol) foam based on thermal processing and supercritical fluid

Combining the thermal processing and supercritical fluid technology develops a novel preparation method of microcellular poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Water, as the plasticizer in system, can form the hydrogen bonding with pendant hydroxyl of PVA and weaken its strong intermolecular and intramolecular forces to realize the thermal processing. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐CO₂) can easily dissolve into water‐plasticized PVA (WPVA) because of the destruction of crystal region caused by water, and the enhanced sc‐CO₂ solubility can greatly improve the foamability of WPVA. The porous structure generates through the saturation of sc‐CO₂ in WPVA sample and followed by pressure drop‐induced phase separation. The foaming behavior of WPVA was studied as a function of saturation pressure, foaming temperature, and saturation time. The cell density, cell size, and distribution of the obtained foam can be controlled by tuning processing conditions. The results revealed that the cell size decreased, and its distribution narrowed with saturation pressure increasing, or decrease of foaming temperature. But excessively increasing the saturation time generated a negative effect on the foaming behavior owing to the deteriorated plasticization effect resulted from the loss of water. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进的模糊综合评价法的低渗油藏CO_2驱筛选体系的建立及应用

以某低渗透油藏为对象,首先在数据挖掘的基础上制定了低渗透油藏注CO_2驱筛选标准.基于模糊综合评价法,建立了适用于低渗透油藏CO_2驱适宜度评价的模糊综合评价模型,并运用该模型对目标油藏注CO_2的适宜度进行了评价.计算结果表明目标油藏注气驱开发适应性较好.评价过程有效地降低了直接进行注气开发的风险,为之后低渗透油藏注气开发提供了技术和经济上的指导.