纤维硼镁矿的盐酸浸取动力学

以分段处理的方法,将纤维硼镁矿的盐酸浸取反应视作拟一级化学反应。把反应分成0—50%、50—70%及>70%三段,分别求得反应速率常数和表观活化能。当温度<80℃时,反应始终属化学反应控制;当温度>80℃时,反应前期系受液-固两相界面的传质速率控制,后期则仍属化学反应控制。这对确定生产操作条件具有重要的实践意义。     

堆浸工艺中浸润面的形成机理与形态研究

通过分析堆浸工艺中浸润面的形成机理与研究意义,发展了倾斜堆浸场渗流理论,并建立了描述矿堆底板具有一定坡度时浸润面形态的模型方程.同时将模型方程进行有限差分离散,利用解非线性方程组的牛顿迭代法求得了模型的数值解.利用MATLAB软件和SPSS统计分析软件,通过对数值结果的拟合与回归分析,得到描述浸润面趋势的三维曲面图,以及与趋势面基本吻合的二次多项式回归方程.结果表明:浸润面为一椭圆抛物面,所得结论与实验结果相符.图2,参9.     

机械活化及其在湿法炼锌中的应用

本文首先概述矿物机械活化的基本原理及其对矿物强化作用。然后对其在湿法炼锌中的硫化锌精矿焙烧、锌焙砂浸出、硫化锌精矿直接浸出等方面应用取得进展进行综述。     

Nanometer properties of oceanic polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts

An ammonia leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni and Cu from oceanic polymetallic nodules, whereas an acid leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn from cobalt-rich crusts. Both processes produced nanometer materials—ammonia leaching residue and acid leaching residue. A systematic study was conducted on the phase, composition and physicochemistry properties of these residues. The result shows that both residues contain a large amount of nanometer minerals. Ammonia l eaching residue mainly consists of rhodochrosite, with the average grain diameter of 17.9 nm; whereas the acid leaching residue mainly consists of well-developed bassanite, with the average grain deameter of 9.5 nm. The bassanite also has a microporous structure, the volume of the pore space is 1.23 × 10⁻² mL/g. Both the ammonia and acid leaching residues have a large specific surface area, and they display a strong adsorption capacity to saturate sodium chloride vapour, N₂ and SO₂. Both residues have high contents of rare earth elements, and most of these elements exist in the state of ionic adsorption. The content of σ FeO is high. The P₂O₅ enrichment is observable in acid leaching residues. The unique composition and nanometer solid properties of the leaching residues displayed their potential value and promised a bright future for their application in the field of environmental protection and materials.     

污灌系统氮素在土壤中的转化与渗漏污染

通过原状土体模拟试验，以多次污灌废水浓度的Ｃ＋２Ｓ为进水浓度，揭示了污灌废水中氨氮在土壤中的转化规律以及引起地下水污染的原因，提出了污灌的农用与防止地下水污染的具体措施。     

Supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series

In order to discuss the supergene mobility of noble metal elements in black rock series, measurements have been conducted with ICP-MS method for the contents of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Au and Ag in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the supergene leached jordisite-rich black shale ore, in the pyrite-rich black shale ore and in the water of pit, well and stream of the mining area near Zhongnan Village, Zunyi District of Guizhou Province. The temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen of the water were also measured. The pit water is acidic with high electrical conductivity and low dissolved oxygen. The total content of platinum group elements in the primary pyrite-rich black shale ore is only 1/13 of that in the primary jordisite-rich black shale ore. The Ag content in the former is only a half of that in the latter while the Au contents in the two kinds of ores are almost the same. Being leached under supergene condition, the contents of most of the noble metal elements except Au in the jordisite-rich black shale ore greatly decrease; the leaching rates of Rh, Pd, Pt, the total platinum group elements and Ag reach as high as 66.72%～74.79%, revealing that under supergene condition, platinum group elements and Ag can migrate along with water; the ratios of Ag/Au, Pd/Ru, Pt/Ir and(Pt+Pd)/(Ru+Rh+Ir) are remarkably decreased, displaying that Pt and Pd relative to Ru, Rh and Ir, Ag relative to Au bear more active mobility. The noble metal elements in the black rock series near Zhongnan Village might be mobilized and migrate under the procession of "cold water" rich in [SO4]2- with pH value being about 2.4 at a temperature below 50 ℃.     

Zn(Ⅱ)-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系浸出锌烟尘

提出硫酸铵浸出法处理锌烟尘的新工艺。该工艺利用不同温度下锌在硫酸铵溶液中的溶解度的差别,先在高温下将锌浸入溶液然后降温冷却,使锌呈含F和Cl很低的复盐析出,然后回收。以株冶集团锌烟尘为试料,对浸出过程进行研究。研究结果表明:浸出温度和硫酸铵浓度显著影响锌的浸出率;最佳浸出条件是:液固比为16?1,硫酸铵浓度为4.0 mol/L,pH值为5.5,浸出温度为90℃,浸出时间为4 h,在该条件下,按渣含锌计算的浸出率达到85.16%。     

斑铜矿在酸性溶液中的浸出动力学行为

以斑铜矿为研究对象,在H₂SO₄酸性体系中,以NaS₂O₈为氧化剂,详细考察浸出时间、温度、矿物尺寸、液固比、H₂SO₄浓度和NaS₂O₈浓度对铜浸出率的影响.浸出行为表明,斑铜矿浸出动力学行为符合固体膜层的界面传质和扩散的混合控制,表观反应活化能为33.97 kJ/mol,浸出动力学方程为（ln(1-x)）/3-1+(1-x)^-1/3=k_mt.     

堆浸过程溶质运移机理与模型

针对堆浸过程中, 溶质运移由于受各种物理、化学和外界环境等因素的影响, 使溶质的运动变得更加复杂, 并难以定量描述的问题, 将矿堆中溶液分为可流动和不可流动溶液两类, 将矿石浸出过程和浸出核收缩模型划分为3个界面, 并分析其在划分溶质运移过程中的作用. 对可流动将和不可流动溶液中溶质运移机理分别进行剖析, 并给出运移表达式. 根据质量守恒定律, 推导堆浸过程溶质运移的基本方程, 并结合溶液的分类方法, 建立堆浸可动和不可动区溶质运移模型. 分析结果表明： 溶质在不同类型溶液中的运移机理截然不同, 在不可流动溶液中, 溶质以分子扩散形式运移;在可流动溶液中, 以机械弥散和对流传质为主.     

硫氧混合铅锌矿中锌的氧化氨浸动力学

常压低温条件下在NH3-(NH4)2 SO4体系中使用过硫酸铵作为氧化剂对硫氧混合铅锌矿中的锌进行浸出实验,系统研究了搅拌速度、浸出剂浓度、氧化剂浓度与温度对于锌浸出率的影响.结果表明,在最优条件下锌的浸出率可达93.2%,且浸出过程中几乎没有其他离子进入溶液,实现了锌的选择性高效浸出,从而简化了后续的浸出液净化与材料制备过程.动力学研究表明,硫氧混合铅锌矿中锌的氧化氨浸过程遵循固体产物层扩散控制的未反应核收缩模型,浸出反应的表观活化能为17.89 kJ·mol-1.