利用最小作用量原理建立比拟关系的研究

利用最小作用量原理建立了理想流体平面势流与保守力场中质点平面运动之间的比拟关系。     

初生空化数的计算模型

从“气核惯性失稳导致空化”这一观点出发,提出了应用于数值模拟的初生空化判别标准及其数学模型,采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ方法模拟空化现象中的各种随机因素,在可靠度的意义下将气核空化初生与流场空化初生联系起来．以黄河小浪底工程消能泄洪洞为例,对三级串联孔板的初生空化数作了计算．     

Partial Molar Volumes and Partial Molar Adiabatic Compressibilities of Fe(III) Tetrafluoroborate Complexes with DMSO, Pyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives

The apparent and limiting apparent molar volumes of dilute aqueous solutions of KBF₄, and the complexes [Fe(DMSO)₆](BF₄)₃, [Fe(Py)₄(H₂O)₂](BF₄)₃, [Fe(4-Mepy)₂(H₂O)₂](BF₄)₃, and [Fe(4-Etpy)₂(H₂O)₂](BF₄)₃ were determined from density data measured at 5, 15, and 25°C. The apparent and limiting apparent molar adiabatic compressibilities of these complexes were determined from ultrasonic sound velocities measured at the same temperatures in dilute aqueous solutions. The volume change associated with complex formation is discussed in terms of the nature of the coordinate bond and also the role of the central metal atom and ligands in the solvation behavior of these complexes.     

Spatial relaxation of electrons in nonisothermal plasmas

The spatial relaxation of electrons to homogeneous states under the action of space-independent electric fields is investigated in helium, krypton, and N₂ plasmas for various electric field strengths. These investigations are based on a new method recently developed for solving the one-dimensional inhomogeneous electron Boltzmann equation in weakly ionized, collision-dominated plasmas. Elastic as well as conservative inelastic collisions of electrons with gas atoms have been included in the kinetic treatment. The spatial relaxation is caused by an imposed direct disturbance in the velocity distribution of the electrons on a spatial boundary. A pronounced dependence of the relaxation structure and the resultant relaxation length on the atomic data of the electron collision processes in different gases has been found. Furthermore the relaxation process sensitively depends on the electric field strength in the region of medium field values.     

Volumetric, ultrasonic and viscometric studies of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with chloro and nitro substituted aromatic hydrocarbons at T = 303.15 K

Excess volumes (V^E) ultrasonic sound velocities (u), isentropic compressibilities (K_s) and viscosities (η) have been measured for the binary mixtures of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) with 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, o-chlorotoluene, m-chlorotoluene, p-chlorotoluene, o-nitrotoluene and m-nitrotoluene at T = 303.15 K. The measured V^E values were positive over the entire composition range in all the binary mixtures. Isentropic compressibilities (K_s) have been computed for the same systems from precise sound velocity and density data. Further, deviation in isentropic compressibility (ΔK_s) from ideal behaviour was also calculated. The viscosity data are analysed on the basis of corresponding states approach. Deviation in viscosities are positive over the entire composition range. The measured data is explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions between unlike molecules.     

Variation of physicochemical properties in the aggregates of structual isomers

The regions of variation of density, enthalpy of formation, and detonation velocity of all of the formally possible structual isomers were determined for several molecular formulas of C,H,N,O-containing explosives. The histograms of the distribution of the structual isomers over these parameters were constructed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 859–862, May, 1995.The authors are grateful to Mrs. I. D. Solodukhina for the design of the graphical material.The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09323).     

The nonsymmetric pressure tensor in polyatomic fluids

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics calculations are used to show that polyatomic fluids can support antisymmetric stress. In a homogeneous system where the time dependence of vorticity is a step function, it is shown that the rate at which intrinsic angular velocity approaches its steady-state value ( = 1/2 × u) is determined by the magnitude of the antisymmetric part of the pressure tensor.     

啁啾高斯光脉冲和群速度色散对带前置放大器光接收机灵敏度的影响研究

研究了啁啾高斯光脉冲信号对带前置放大器光接收机灵敏度的影响,以及群速度色散对光接收机灵敏度恶化量的影响.发现适当选取高斯光脉冲信号的占空比、啁啾分量、光接收机均衡滤波器输出的升余弦频谱波形滚降因子的值可以提高光接收机灵敏度;群速度色散存在时光脉冲的宽度并非越小越好.结果对实际光接收机的分析和设计有一定指导意义.     

开放性尘源粉尘运动轨迹的数值计算

在对粉尘颗粒在大气中受力状况进行分析的基础上 ,采用颗粒随机轨道模型对尘源表面的粉尘在大气中的运动轨迹进行了数值计算 ,再现了野外现场观测的现象 ,从而证明了数值计算的可靠性 .利用ParticleSourceinCell算法 ,计算了由开放性粉尘造成的大气含尘质量分数 ,为定量预测露天矿粉堆料对环境造成的污染提供了依据 .