Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Grafted Gellan Gum

Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate) was grafted on gellan gum (GG) in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation using ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine as the initiation system. Grafted copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques. The influence of microwave power, exposure time, and composition of the reaction mixture on extent of grafting was studied. Conditions for obtaining the highest degree of grafting were optimized. The rate of grafting was determined from weight measurements. The overall activation energy for grafting is found to be 31.2 kJ/mol, indicating the occurrence of the grafting process with absorption of low thermal energy.     

生物聚合物驱油体系流变性研究

考察了盐、碱、表面活性剂及实验温度对生物聚合物（黄胞胶）驱油体系流变性的影响．研究结果表明，生物聚合物与阴离子表面活性剂（石油磺酸盐）相互作用强烈．在流变性方面体现出良好的协同效应，这种协同效应对低界面张力—流度控制复合驱十分有利．对几类生物聚合物驱油体系，包括聚合物驱、碱－聚合物驱、碱－表面活性剂－聚合驱的不同配方的而变性考察结果表明，在常用的几种描述聚合物溶液流变性的模型中，幂律模型（Ｏｓｔｗａｌｄ模型）的相关性最好     

泡沫植物胶特性及其护壁防漏机理

结合某矿区的复杂地质特征,选用4种植物胶进行室内试验遴选,辅以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(ABS)、聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)、腐殖酸钾为外加剂进行泡沫植物胶基浆配制,探讨植物胶对基浆中膨润土含量、泡沫稳定性能及其流变特性影响的变化规律.研究结果表明:植物胶对膨润土泥浆的流变特性具有明显的改善作用,其防塌护壁作用主要表现为低失水特性、疏水性泡沫吸附孔壁、黏弹性泥饼结构、低流速塞流状态等特性:防漏堵漏作用主要表现为泡沫群体结构屏蔽防漏、泡沫与岩屑聚结充填堵漏、高结构黏度塞流阻流防漏、低密度低压力流体防漏堵漏等特性.     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Retinal Tissue Engineering Biomaterial and the Influence of Substrate Stress Relaxation on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment have been developed by integrating hydrogel-based biomaterials. Until now, cell activity has been observed only in terms of the modulus of the hydrogel. In addition, cell behavior has only been observed in the 2D environment of the hydrogel and the 3D matrix. As time-dependent stress relaxation is considered a significant mechanical cue for the control of cellular activities, it is important to optimize hydrogels for retinal tissue engineering (TE) by applying this viewpoint. Herein, a gellan Gum (GG)/Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was fabricated using a facile physical crosslinking method. The physicochemical and mechanical properties were controlled by forming a different composition of GG and HA. The characterization was performed by conducting a mass swelling study, a sol fraction study, a weight loss test, a viscosity test, an injection force study, a compression test, and a stress relaxation analysis. The biological activity of the cells encapsulated in 3D constructs was evaluated by conducting a morphological study, a proliferation test, a live/dead analysis, histology, immunofluorescence staining, and a gene expression study to determine the most appropriate material for retinal TE biomaterial. Hydrogels with moderate amounts of HA showed improved physicochemical and mechanical properties suitable for injection into the retina. Moreover, the time-dependent stress relaxation property of the GG/HA hydrogel was enhanced when the appropriate amount of HA was loaded. In addition, the cellular compatibility of the GG/HA hydrogel in in vitro experiments was significantly improved in the fast-relaxing hydrogel. Overall, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of GG/HA hydrogel as an injectable hydrogel for retinal TE and the importance of the stress relaxation property when designing retinal TE hydrogels. Therefore, we believe that GG/HA hydrogel is a prospective candidate for retinal TE biomaterial.     

Changes in Chemical Composition of Flaxseed Oil during Thermal-Induced Oxidation and Resultant Effect on DSC Thermal Properties

To investigate the changes in chemical composition of flaxseed oil during thermal-induced oxidation and the resultant effect on thermal properties, samples with different oxidation levels were obtained by being heated at 180 °C for two hours and four hours. The oxidation degree was evaluated using peroxide value (PV), extinction coefficient at 232 nm and 268 nm (K₂₃₂ and K₂₆₈), and total polar compounds (TPC). Using chromatography, the fatty acid profile and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile were examined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the crystallization and melting profiles. Thermal-induced oxidation of flaxseed oil led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in PV, K₂₃₂, K₂₆₈, and TPC, but the relative content of linolenic acid (Ln) and LnLnLn reduced dramatically (p < 0.05). TPC derived from lipid degradation affected both crystallization and melting profiles. Statistical correlations showed that the onset temperature (T_on) of the crystallization curve was highly correlated with K₂₃₂, TPC, and the relative content of LnLnLn (p < 0.05), whereas the offset temperature (T_off) of the melting curve was highly correlated with the relative content of most fatty acids (p < 0.05). This finding provides a new way of rapid evaluation of oxidation level and changes of chemical composition for flaxseed oils using DSC.     

高效液相色谱法测定口香糖中抗氧化剂BHT含量

采用乙酸乙酯处理样品,甲醇作流动相,测定了口香糖中抗氧化剂BHT含量.方法简便、快速,重现性好.实验确定检测波长为280 nm,溶剂乙酸乙酯在此波长下有色谱峰,但与BHT的色谱峰不重叠.标准曲线相关系数为0.9999,回收率为96%~102%,相对标准偏差小于2.0%,最小检出量为1.9 ng.     

A Review on the Main Phytoconstituents,Traditional Uses,Inventions, and Patent Literature of Gum Arabic Emphasizing Acacia seyal

Acacia seyal is an important source of gum Arabic. The availability, traditional, medicinal, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications of gum acacia have pronounced its high economic value and attracted global attention. In addition to summarizing the inventions/patents applications related to gum A. seyal, the present review highlights recent updates regarding its phytoconstituents. Traditional, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal uses with the possible mechanism of actions have been also reviewed. The patent search revealed the identification of 30 patents/patent applications of A. seyal. The first patent related to A. seyal was published in 1892, which was related to its use in the prophylaxis/treatment of kidney and bladder affections. The use of A. seyal to treat cancer and osteoporosis has also been patented. Some inventions provided compositions and formulations containing A. seyal or its ingredients for pharmaceutical and medical applications. The inventions related to agricultural applications, food industry, cosmetics, quality control of gum Arabic, and isolation of some chemical constituents (L-rhamnose and arabinose) from A. seyal have also been summarized. The identification of only 30 patents/patent applications from 1892 to 15 November 2021 indicates a steadily growing interest and encourages developing more inventions related to A. seyal. The authors recommend exploring these opportunities for the benefit of society.     

羟丙基瓜尔胶的制备及表征

瓜尔胶(guar gum)是一种天然半乳甘露聚糖,其水溶性和增稠性很好,广泛用做增稠剂、破乳剂等。原粉胶溶解较慢、水不溶物含量高、粘度不易控制,人们常利用化学手段改变其理化特性以满足实际工业生产需要,羟丙基化是有效的手段之一,但对羟丙基化的表征较为困难。S．     

食品胶及电解质对琼胶凝胶性能的影响

本文优化选择出与琼脂有协同增效作用的三种电解质：氯化钾、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钾及多种食品胶，并在确定其他食品胶与琼脂最佳配比的基础上，在这些溶液中分别加入不同浓度和种类的电解质，测定了其各项性能参数。     

铅(Ⅱ)-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B-阿拉伯胶-TritonX-100体系分光光度法测定痕量铅

本文研究结果表明,水溶性大分子化合物阿拉伯胶和非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100共同存在下,铅碘络阴离子和丁基罗丹明B的显色反应具有很高的灵敏度,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=6.2×10~5L.mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。拟定了用本法测定金属及其合金、工业废水中痕量铅的分析步骤,测定结果较满意。