M／N型负载固体碱吸附胶质性能及再生方法的考察

对碱性物质／多孔性物质（Ｍ／Ｎ型）负载固体碱吸附胶质性能及再生方法进行了试验研究。研究发现,Ｍ／Ｎ型负载固体碱对汽油胶质具有一定的吸附能力,以活化剂－汽油溶液（活化剂含量为２００μｇ／ｇ）为再生溶剂,可有效地对吸附胶质失活后的固体碱进行再生。此外,汽油固体碱预碱洗的室内试验表明,Ｍ／Ｎ型钢载固体碱预碱洗 效果良好,可使脱臭装置的使用寿命明显延长２倍以上。     

低聚香豆胶交联凝胶体系

首次研究了微波辅助酸降解香豆胶过程及其影响因素,并与水浴酸降解过程进行对比,获得了低聚香豆胶。研究了低聚香豆胶与硼砂交联形成凝胶的过程,考察了低聚香豆胶浓度、硼砂浓度和pH值对形成凝胶体系的影响,获得了稳定的凝胶体系。进一步研究了低聚香豆胶凝胶体系的流变特性。结果表明：微波辅助酸降解法是快速降解香豆胶的新方法,降解速度显著高于水浴酸降解法。在适当的碱性条件下,低聚香豆胶可与硼砂形成较稳定的交联凝胶体系,该体系具有显著的粘弹性和剪切变稀特性。     

魔芋纤维发泡海绵制作工艺改进及其性能研究

以魔芋胶为原料,选择无毒性的交联剂、发泡剂等试剂来制备魔芋纤维发泡海绵.通过反复多次试验,制备出内部空隙直径约2~3 mm、吸水率范围约在6%~19%之间的魔芋纤维发泡海绵,并探究了在不同发泡剂与交联剂用量下魔芋纤维发泡海绵的性能,研究了制作工艺对产品性能的影响.以魔芋胶80~100 g、发泡剂2~4 g、交联剂4 g、增韧剂2 g、浸润剂4 g、增塑剂10 g加入1 L水中搅拌均匀后升温至100~110℃,保温1.5 h所制得的魔芋纤维发泡海绵具有良好的强度、吸水性能和生物降解性.     

Phase Behavior and Formulation of Palm Oil Esters o/w Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Hydrocolloid Gums for Cosmeceuticals Application

Palm oil esters (POEs) are wax esters derived from palm oil and cis-9-octadecen-1-ol. The excellent wetting behaviour of the esters without the oily feel make them have great potentials in the manufacture of cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical products. However, little is known about their phase behaviors in ternary systems. The purpose of this investigation was to construct phase diagram of the POEs and mixed surfactants and to consequently select nanoemulsions composition for further studies. The preparation and characterization of oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized by hydrocolloid gums were then studied. Two types of nonionic surfactants were selected, namely Tween 80 (T80) and Span 80 (S80). Ternary phase diagram of POEs:Tocotrienol/T80:S80 (80:20)/water system was constructed at 25.0 ± 0.5°C. The emulsification properties of 2 hydrocolloids gum (xanthan gum, carbopol ultrez 20 copolymer) were investigated. Gum dispersions were prepared in water (0.8%) and emulsified with 30% oil using a Polytron homogenizer. The flow curve of the emulsions always exhibited shear thinning behavior and obeys the power law viscosity. The emulsions with carbopol ultrez 20 copolymer was the most stable emulsions which composed of very small oil droplets (50% < 142.43 nm) with a narrow size distribution.     

Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of Rheological and Flow Behavior of Xanthan Gum Solutions Using Artificial Neural Network

This study investigated effect of temperature, concentration, and shear rate on rheological properties of xanthan gum aqueous solutions using a Couette viscometer at temperatures between 25°C and 55°C and concentrations of 0.25 wt% to 1.0 wt%. The Herschel–Bulkley model described very well the non-Newtonian behavior of xanthan gum solutions. Shear rate, temperature, and concentration affected apparent viscosity and an equation was proposed for the temperature and concentration effect valid for each shear rate. This article also presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict apparent viscosity. Based on statistical analysis, the ANN method estimated viscosity with high accuracy and low error.     

生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵对羟丙基瓜胶压裂液破胶和降解作用

针对延长低渗、低压和低温油藏压裂过程中压裂液破胶慢以及破胶液残渣大对储层造成的伤害,以生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵为复合破胶剂,在40℃以下,分别考查SUN-1加量、过硫酸铵加量、引发剂加量、温度和pH等因素对压裂液破胶速度和破胶液残渣的降解作用的影响,最后优化出复合破胶的最佳条件.利用马尔文激光粒度仪分析了在复合破胶剂的作用下,破胶液中固体颗粒粒径分布,利用岩心流动仪和支撑剂导流仪评价了复合破胶剂作用下的压裂液破胶液对岩心和支撑剂导流能力的伤害.结果表明:生物酶SUN-1/过硫酸铵复合破胶剂的最佳使用温度低于50℃,交联液过硫酸铵中加质量分数为200×10-6的酶,原胶液pH=7~8,与单剂比较复合破胶剂对压裂液的破胶时间减小了近43%,残渣降解下降了44.6%,固体颗粒粒径中值下降40%,对支撑剂导流能力的伤害下降了近60%,岩心伤害下降近43%.     

红毛藻R-藻红蛋白果冻的制备工艺

为了研究红毛藻R-藻红蛋白、卡拉胶 魔芋粉复合胶、木糖醇、柠檬酸的不同添加量对红毛藻R-藻红蛋白果冻品质的影响,通过单因素实验筛选获得4种物质的最佳添加量,并采用正交法优化果冻配方,确定红毛藻R-藻红蛋白果冻的最优制备工艺条件。结果表明,得到的最佳配方是复合胶、木糖醇、柠檬酸、红毛藻R-藻红蛋白液的质量分数分别为0.9%,9.0%,0.10%,4.5%;感官评分为87.64,弹性为（0.98±0.016）mm,咀嚼性为（0.789±0.021）N;可溶性固形物质量分数为24.3%;菌落总数为40 CFU/g,未检出大肠杆菌,结果符合国家标准要求。     

微波处理对萌动亚麻籽酚类化合物油相迁移的影响

强化亚麻籽中主要酚类化合物内源性合成和油相迁移对提升亚麻籽油氧化稳定性,最大限度地增加α-亚麻酸生物利用率尤为重要。探究了适度萌动(25℃,24h)联合微波处理(700W,1~5min)对压榨亚麻籽油得率和色泽、脂质构型和结晶熔融性、抗氧化活性和氧化稳定性的影响,并研究了亚麻籽中木酚素和游离酚酸的释放及油相迁移规律。结果表明:单一萌动处理(24h)后亚麻籽油得率降低了7.39%(P<0.05),而进一步微波处理后油脂得率增加了29.31%(P<0.05),这主要归因于微波处理破坏了亚麻籽中油脂体膜结构完整性,导致膜内中性脂质外溢、融合和胞外渗透。微波处理1~5min过程中,亚麻籽油中以LnLnLn构型存在的C18∶3ω3质量分数呈现明显升高趋势,同时总磷脂质量摩尔浓度以及磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇占比显著增加(P<0.05),但未明显影响油脂的结晶行为和熔融特性。与未处理组相比,微波处理5min降低了初级和次级氧化产物水平,显著改善了亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性和抗氧化活性(P<0.05),这主要归因于木酚素大分子及其解聚产物开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷,以及游离酚酸香兰素、香草酸和阿魏酸的油相富集。研究阐释了萌动联合微波预处理对亚麻籽油品质特性的影响,旨在为亚麻籽油提质制取和亚麻籽高值化利用提供理论依据。     

Exploration of an arabinogalactan isolated from Odina wodier Roxb.: Physicochemical,compositional characterisations and functional attributes

Exudate gum polysaccharides have a diverse range of functionalities in food, cosmetics, textiles, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other industries for centuries. The potentiality of gum odina as tablet binder, coacervates (chitosan‐gum odina complex) for colon‐targeted drug delivery system and also as prebiotic with immunomodulating properties was reported earlier. Since no detail study of the physicochemical, functional properties of the gum has been reported, the present investigation deals with physicochemical, compositional and functional characterisations of purified gum odina (PGO) for adopting in food and pharmaceutical industry. PGO, an arabinogalactan, was obtained by ethanol precipitation from exudates (gum odina) of tropical deciduous plant Odina wodier Roxb. Colour profiling of PGO including L* (87.74 ± 0.42), a* (1.73 ± 0.65) and b* (7.79 ± 0.58) was determined. Physicochemical parameters revealed good flow ability and compressibility desired for an excipient. Concentration‐dependent surface tension was measured by du Noüy ring method. Rheological study showed pseudoplastic behaviour of PGO dispersion. Sugar analysis by gas liquid chromatography indicated presence of arabinogalactan in PGO. Size exclusion chromatography of PGO revealed two high‐molecular‐weight components PGO‐I (95%, Arabinose:Galactose :: 1:1.6) and PGO‐II (5%, Arabinose:Galactose :: 1:4). Further characterisations of PGO by means of CHNS, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction, conductivity, pH, zeta potential analysis and antioxidant activity indicated typical polysaccharide characteristics. Collectively, this work established the fundamental properties of PGO and the results presented here will facilitate the applications of PGO as sustainable food additive, pharmaceutical excipient for commercial adoption.     

Preparation of rapid (chain-stopped) alkyds by incorporation of gum rosin and investigation of coating properties

In this study, the synthesis, characterization, and properties of a short oil length chain–stopped(rapid) alkyd resin is investigated. Gum rosin modified alkyd resin (RA-GR) was prepared using soybean oil, phthalic anhydride, glycerin and gum rosin acid. An alkyd modified with benzoic acid (RA-BA) was also prepared for comparison. FTIR analyses and GPC measurements of the alkyds were used for characterization. Other properties such as the viscosity, acid value, and solid content of the final resins were determined. Separately, the synthesized resins were used in paint formulations without any changes in other parameters such as filler, airdrying agents, solvents, etc. Paints were applied to metal and glass surfaces and the effect of gum rosin was investigated by looking at touch and hard drying times, adhesion to metals and gloss changes. Compared to the benzoic acid modified resin (RA-BA), gum rosin modified resin (RA-GR) exhibited remarkable positive effects on the paint with a better adhesion to the metals, and short drying times without any loses in the glosses.