Solid-state pH nanoelectrode based on polyaniline thin film electrodeposited onto ion-beam etched carbon fiber

An ultramicro pH sensor has been constructed based on a thin polyaniline film that was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon fiber nanometer-size electrode. The substrate nanoelectrodes were fabricated using ion-beam conically etched carbon fibers with tip diameters ranging ca. from 100 to 500 nm. The polyaniline film was deposited from HCl solution containing the aniline monomer by cycling the potential between −0.2 and +1.0 V. The electromotive force (emf) signal between the pH sensitive polyaniline-coated nanoelectrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode was linear over the pH range of 2.0-12.5 with a slightly super-Nernstian slope of ca. −60 mV/pH unit. Response times ranged from several sec at pHs around 7 up to 2 min at pH 12.5. The proposed pH nanoelectrode displayed high ion selectivity with respect to K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Li⁺, with log K_H,M values around −12 and has a working lifetime of about 20 days. Key parameters important for the pH nanoelectrode performance, including polyaniline film preparation, selectivity, response time, temperature dependence, relative coating thickness, stability, and reproducibility, have been characterized and optimized. The performance of the pH nanoelectrode was examined by measuring the pH of several real samples including body fluids (serum, urine) and low ionic strength water samples (rain, deionized and tap water). The results agreed very well with those obtained by using commercial glass pH electrodes. The proposed pH nanoelectrode demonstrated attractive properties and seems particularly promising for use under physiological conditions.     

Mechanical properties of fiber reinforced styrene-butadiene rubbers using surface-modified UHMWPE fibers under EB irradiation

Aiming to develop a high performance fiber reinforced rubber of SBR, a special technique using electron beam (EB) irradiation-induced graft-polymerization was applied to ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. Although UHMWPE is chemically inert, N-vinyl formamide (NVF) could be graft-polymerized onto the UHMWPE fiber surface with this special technique. A maximum grafting percentage of 23.6% was achieved. The composite of SBR and grafted UHMWPE fibers with maximum grafting indicated a linear increase in the initial modulus and strength with the fiber content. At the fiber content of 10%, the initial modulus was improved about five times with respect to that of the pure SBR, while the strength was done about twice. At this moment, only a small reduction could be observed in the strain compared with that of pure SBR. The fiber reinforced rubber with a good performance was obtained in the system of SBR and grafted UHMWPE fibers.     

Behaviors and mechanisms of copper adsorption on hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile fibers

Polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF) was hydrolyzed in a solution of sodium hydroxide and the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile fiber (HPANF) was used as an adsorbent to remove copper ions from aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the hydrolysis process made the surface of HPANF rougher than that of PANF. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the HPANF contained conjugated imine (-Cz=Nz-) sequences. Batch adsorption results indicated that the HPANF was very effective in adsorbing copper, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 10-20 min. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that some aggregates formed on the surface of the HPANF after copper ion adsorption and the average surface roughness (R(a)) value of the HPANF changed from 0.363 to 3.763 nm due to copper adsorption. FTIR analysis indicated that copper adsorption caused a decrease of the light adsorption intensity of the imine (-Cz=Nz-) groups at 1573 and 1406 cm(-1) wavenumbers, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the binding energy (BE) of some of the nitrogen atoms in the HPANF increased to a greater value due to copper adsorption. The FTIR and XPS results suggest that the adsorption of copper ions to the HPANF is attributed to the imine groups on the surface of the HPANF.     

光纤传感器及其应用研究

光纤传感器技术在现代检测及自动控制中的应用非常广泛,本文从光纤基本原理及光纤特性等方面,对光线的物理特性进行分析和研究,并利用其不同于传统传感器的优越性能,针对我省采矿工业的安全监控系统,提出一种全光网络的安全监控方法.此方法安全、可靠、精度高.     

碳纤维加固中小型旧桥的加固效果检测

检测评价碳纤维加固中小型旧桥的加固效果往往受到经费和现场情况的限制，不能完全按照旧桥承载力检测方法进行．以某桥碳纤维加固工程为工程实例，根据实际检测结果总结了检测评价碳纤维加固效果较为经济可行的试验方案。     

油井水泥纤维增韧材料的研究与应用

为了解决国内油田薄油层井、小间隙井和侧钻井固井后射孔及后续增产措施造成的水泥环脆裂(即二次窜流)问题,研制开发了油井水泥纤维增韧材料(增韧剂F17F).对增韧水泥石的各种力学性能(抗折强度、抗冲击功、弹性模量和应力/应变关系等)及纤维增韧水泥浆体系的工程性能进行了测试.结果表明,增韧水泥石的弹性模量降低了16.9%~48.0%,抗冲击功提高了27.0%~68.0%,抗折强度提高了15.9%~33.0%;增韧水泥的流动性得到改善,其失水量和析水率显著降低.此外,还进行了聚能射孔试验、地面打灰试验、1口井的现场打水泥塞试验和2 口井的现场固井试验.室内实验和现场试验结果表明:增韧水泥的强度、抗冲击能力及其综合工程性能均能满足固井施工的要求.     

碳纤维布提高高强混凝土柱抗震能力评估方法

针对利用碳纤维布加固既有建筑中的高强混凝土柱，以及加固后抗震性能的评估问题，对7根高强混凝土柱进行试验研究，分析了碳纤维布约束高强混凝土的影响因素和约束机理．通过理论推导和统计回归的方法．提出了碳纤维布加固高强混凝土柱位移延性比的理论计算方法和基于两个回归公式的简化计算方法．两种计算方法概念清晰，简便适用，分析结果与试验值的相对误差控制在20％左右，可以满足抗震加固设计的要求．两个回归公式的决定系数R^2分别为0．97和0．99，具有很高的拟合精度，可用于碳纤维布约束混凝土柱的相关研究．     

抗震设计中钢筋混凝土柱碳纤维布加固量的分析

考虑在柱顶发生最大水平侧移的情况下，剪应力与正应力的共同作用效应，并采用莫尔库仑破坏准则进行分析，提出了一种确定抗震设计中钢筋混凝土框架柱碳纤维布加固量的近似计算方法。分析表明：箍筋与横向包裹碳纤维布的主要作用不是单纯抵抗剪力破坏或提高轴向压力作用下柱的变形能力，更重要的是它们约束了承受复杂应力状态的柱核心混凝土，从而提高了柱核心混凝土的变形和强度。     

二醋酯纤维的结构特性

采用DSC、X-射线衍射和密度梯度管等技术研究了二醋酯纤维的结晶、取向等结构特性，初步探讨了不同纺丝工艺对纤维结构特性的影响，发现：二醋酯纤维存在两种晶型结构，结晶度和取向度都较低；以相同二醋片为原料时，纺丝工艺对纤维的结构特性有影响但不明显，而烟用纺丝工艺和纺织用纺丝工艺之间的差别对纤维结构特性的影响则相对较大。     

涤纶的酶法改性研究进展

从涤纶纤维自身的特性和其改性研究的现状、理想的涤纶表面改性应满足的要求以及酶在纺织工业中的应用现状等方面出发,综述了涤纶纤维及其织物酶法改性的背景和国内外研究现状,介绍了涤纶酶法改性研究中所用的酶以及酶的筛选方法,探讨了涤纶酶法改性研究中存在的若干问题,并对涤纶酶法改性的前景做了展望.