Tensile Behavior of the Flax/Polyester Composites after Water Treatment

With flax fabric as the reinforcement and unsaturated polyester as the matrix,composites of two,three,and four layers were fabricated respectively by the vacuum assisted resin infusion(VARI)technique.Tensile strength of the composites after being saturated in the water for different durations was tested.The tensile strength of the two-layer composites was decreased after being soaked in the water for two,three,and six month,respectively.For the three and four layers specimens,the tensile strength was decrea...     

超声波在亚麻纤维漂白工艺中的应用

为了在亚麻漂白过程中提高亚麻纤维的白度、可纺性,研究超声波和 H2O2共同作用下对亚麻纤维性能的影响。结果表明,在亚麻纤维漂白过程中,使用超声波比未使用超声波的白度有明显提高,且纤维的长度、分裂度、短麻率都有较好的改善。在漂白过程中,处理温度50℃,时间15min ,频率40kHz ,H2 O2浓度15％时,对纤维的处理效果相对较好。在亚麻纤维漂白过程中使用超声波不仅有效改善了亚麻纤维的可纺性,提高了亚麻纤维的白度而且有效地解决了亚麻纤维漂白过程中时间长、能耗大、污染等问题。     

基于近红外光谱技术的亚麻纤维化学成分含量快速测定

在推进亚麻纤维的纺纱及其产业化生产过程中,快速、准确的定量分析纤维的化学成分是重要趋势。该研究利用近红外光谱技术分析亚麻纤维化学成分,以化学分析法测定值为对照,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立亚麻纤维化学成分的近红外模型,从而实现了其化学成分的高效、快速定量分析。结果表明,建立的亚麻纤维纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶近红外模型的校正相关系数(R_C)与验证相关系数(R_CV)均在0.9以上,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)小于预测均方根误差(RMSEP)且均小于1。外部验证和双尾t检验表明模型预测结果较为准确,预测值与化学分析法得到的实测值无显著性差异,故该模型可用于相关化学成分含量的快速预测。     

棉麻混纺比图像处理测试系统的开发研究

采用微机图像处理与模式识别技术,依据对纱中纤维的纵向几何形态差异的分析,建立了多参数分层识别模型,对棉麻混纺纱混纺比的测试系统进行了研究。实测结果表明,所开发的系统能够实现棉麻混纺比的自动测试。     

水分胁迫下亚麻种子萌发的生理响应

为了解水分胁迫对亚麻种子萌发的影响以及为亚麻抗旱栽培技术和育种方法提供理论依据,以亚麻076、075、陇亚8号的种子为试验材料,分别用不同质量分数(0%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%)的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)处理,研究水分胁迫对亚麻种子的萌发的影响。结果显示:随着PEG质量分数的增加,亚麻种子的发芽势、发芽率下降,其中陇亚8号下降幅度最大。亚麻种子在PEG质量分数增加时,电导率呈现了低高低的趋势,其中076的电导率的变化较明显。适宜质量分数的PEG胁迫可以提高种子的活力指数,而较高质量分数的PEG则降低种子的活力指数。试验可知,这3个品种的种子在抗旱性上有明显的差异,076抗旱性强,075较抗旱,陇亚8号不抗旱。     

Biosorbents from Plant Fibers of Hemp and Flax for Metal Removal: Comparison of Their Biosorption Properties

Lignocellulosic fibers extracted from plants are considered an interesting raw material for environmentally friendly products with multiple applications. This work investigated the feasibility of using hemp- and flax-based materials in the form of felts as biosorbents for the removal of metals present in aqueous solutions. Biosorption of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn from a single solution by the two lignocellulosic-based felts was examined using a batch mode. The parameters studied were initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH. In controlled conditions, the results showed that: (i) the flax-based felt had higher biosorption capacities with respect to the metals studied than the hemp-based felt; (ii) the highest removal efficiency was always obtained for Cu ions, and the following order of Cu > Cd > Zn > Ni > Co > Al > Mn was found for both examined biosorbents; (iii) the process was rapid and 10 min were sufficient to attain the equilibrium; (iv) the efficiency improved with the increase of the adsorbent dosage; and (v) the biosorption capacities were independent of pH between 4 and 6. Based on the obtained results, it can be considered that plant-based felts are new, efficient materials for metal removal.     

Characterization of weld (Reseda luteola L.) and spurge flax (Daphne gnidium L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry in Arraiolos historical textiles

The natural dyes, and dye sources, in two seventeenth century Arraiolos carpets from the National Museum of Machado de Castro were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–vis diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) and HPLC–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Weld (Reseda luteola L.), indigo and spurge flax (Daphne gnidium L.) were found to be the dye sources, in agreement with original dyeing recipes collected during the nineteenth century. In order to fully characterize the plant sources, LC–MS conditions were optimized with plant extracts and the chromatographic separation and mass detection were enhanced. Extraction of the dyes, in the Arraiolos carpet samples, was performed using mild conditions that avoid glycoside decomposition. For the blues a dimethylformamide solution proved to be efficient for indigotin recovery. For all the other colours, an improved mild extraction method (with oxalic acid, methanol, acetone and water) was used, enabling to obtain the full dye source fingerprint, namely the flavonoid glycosides in the yellow dyes.     

水溶性纤维应用研究

采用水溶性纤维为原料,在DREF—Ⅲ型尘笼纺纱机上对苎麻纱进行表面处理,再经后整理,使纱线获得良好的上浆效果,其毛羽明显减少,长毛羽基本伏贴。同时纱线的耐磨性、断裂强度均提高。     

胡麻纤维结构和性能的研究

作者用电子显微镜法、X 射线衍射法、密度法和光学双折射法等,研究了山西胡麻和东北亚麻的组织形态结构、大分子聚集态结构和结晶结构,并进行了纤维物理机械性能的测试。分析结果证明两种纤维的组织形态结构略有差异。单纤维根、中、梢不同部位的平均支数,胡麻为3.28dtex(3046支),亚麻为3.29dtex(3042支)。胡麻纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和模量分别为61.08 cN/tex(6.92g/d)、3.62%和1835.63 cN/tex(207.98 g/d)。该值与亚麻纤维的对比测试值差异不大。     

亚麻下胚轴细胞脱分化过程的细胞学研究

亚麻下胚轴产生愈伤组织过程中,细胞发育进程相差很大,增生能力有明显不同。从诱导分裂到小分生细胞团形成,增殖细胞形态特征变化显著,体积随分裂次数增加而下降,原生质体积密度和核质指数不断升高;核和核仁体积在诱导分裂期剧增,以后缓慢下降。小分生细胞团时期细胞形态特征相似,分裂生长快。愈伤组织形成中细胞向薄壁细胞发育。根据细胞增生能力和形态变化,得出亚麻下胚轴细胞脱分化阶段从诱导分裂开始,到小分生细胞团形成结束;愈伤组织形成时期细胞发生再分化。