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21.
硬脆颗粒增强金属基复合材料的切屑形成机理 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
全燕鸣 《华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,26(8):27-30
颗粒增强金属基复合材料具有非均匀的显微组织结构,在切削力作用下其剪切变形不是在一个平面内而是在一个有相当厚度的区域内完成,传统的单一剪切平面模型不适合用于这类非连续增强型复合材料的切削分析.颗粒增强复合材料基体的塑性变形始终受到不可塑性变形颗粒的干扰,故在复合材料成屑过程中裂纹的形成和扩展起重要作用,并由此决定了切屑的基本形态.分析了材料进入剪切变形区后发生的非定向连续滑移、剪断和基本稳定滑移三种情况. 相似文献
22.
Chaikovskaya O. N. Levin P. P. Sul"timova N. B. Sokolova I. V. Kuz"min A. V. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2004,53(2):313-317
The spectra and kinetics of short-lived intermediates formed from aqueous (0.1 N NaOH) solutions of the natural mixture of humic and fulvic acids (HFA) were studied by laser flash photolysis using excitation wavelengths of 337, 390, 470, and 520 nm. Laser photolysis of HFA with light of 520 and 470 nm results in the formation of triplet excited states (THFA) characterized by the broad absorption spectrum with a maximum near 630 nm and lifetimes of 0.15 ms in deoxygenated solutions. The formation of two types of THFA with lifetimes of 0.1 and 2 ms and absorption spectra with maxima at 570 nm is observed under photolysis with light of 337 and 390 nm. The estimation of quantum yields of THFA gives 1 and 0.3% under photolysis with excitation wavelengths of 337 and 520 nm, respectively. The rate constants of THFA quenching by molecular oxygen are equal to (7—8)·108 L mol–1 s–1. 相似文献
23.
The separation and identification of complex samples is an urgent task that analytical chemistry has to face. Chromatography, as an important analysis technique, has been widely applied to many fields, such as life science, environment, medicine, food and petrochemical engineering.Recently, with the progress of science and tech- 相似文献
24.
Multilayer poly(vinyl alcohol)-adsorbed coating on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic chips for biopolymer separation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip surface was modified by multilayer-adsorbed and heat-immobilized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) after oxygen plasma treatment. The reflection absorption infrared spectrum (RAIRS) showed that 88% hydrolyzed PVA adsorbed more strongly than 100% hydrolyzed one on the oxygen plasma-pretreated PDMS surface, and they all had little adsorption on original PDMS surface. Repeating the coating procedure three times was found to produce the most robust and effective coating. PVA coating converted the original PDMS surface from a hydrophobic one into a hydrophilic surface, and suppressed electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the range of pH 3-11. More than 1,000,000 plates/m and baseline resolution were obtained for separation of fluorescently labeled basic proteins (lysozyme, ribonuclease B). Fluorescently labeled acidic proteins (bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin) and fragments of dsDNA phiX174 RF/HaeIII were also separated satisfactorily in the three-layer 88% PVA-coated PDMS microchip. Good separation of basic proteins was obtained for about 70 consecutive runs. 相似文献
25.
利用激光光解装置检测了C60-地塞米松(C60-DE)的苯溶液在355 nm激光照射下产生的激发三重态, 3C60-DE*出现四个吸收峰, 分别位于700、440、350 和310 nm. 在330 nm处观察到了它的漂白吸收最大值, 这与其基态吸收最大值相对应. 3C60-DE*能够将能量转移给O2分子而淬灭. 与3C60*相比, 3C60-DE*的三重态鄄三重态(T-T)淬灭速率常数减小(3C60*为(5.03±1.31)×109 L·mol-1·s-1, 3C60-DE*为(3.53±0.87)×109 L·mol-1·s-1), 而寿命增加了(3C60*为(12.0±2.6) μs, 3C60-DE*为(18.0±3.3) μs), 这可能是C60分子上连接了地塞米松分子后减小了C60球之间碰撞的几率所致. 相似文献
26.
Cai X Sakamoto M Fujitsuka M Majima T 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(22):6471-6477
The lifetimes of benzophenone in the higher triplet excited state (BP(T(n))) and several BP derivatives in the T(n) states were measured directly to be tau(T(n))=37+/-7 ps and 20-33 ps, respectively, by using the nanosecond-picosecond (ns-ps) two-color/two-laser flash photolysis method. Based on the direct measurements of tau(T(n)) of BP(T(n)), the triplet energy transfer (TET) from BP(T(n)) to quenchers (Q), such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), benzene (Bz), and p-dichlorbenzene (DCB), was investigated. The fast TET from BP(T(n)) to Q can be attributed to the lifetime-dependent quenching process, according to the Ware theoretical model of the bimolecular energy transfer reaction. The contribution of the lifetime-dependent term on k(TET) was 27, 60, and 86% for CCl4, Bz, and DCB as the Q of BP(T(n)), respectively, indicating that the TET from BP(T(n)) to Q is influenced not only by tau(T(n)), but also by the size of Q. 相似文献
27.
Minoru Yamaji Ai Suzuki Fuyuki Ito Shozo Tero-Kubota Seiji Tobita Bronislaw Marciniak 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2005,170(3):253-259
Photodissociation of the carbon-X (X = Br and Cl) bonds in p-bromo- and p-chloromethylbenzophenone (BMBP and CMBP) in solution were investigated by time-resolved EPR and laser flash photolysis techniques. BMBP and CMBP were found to undergo ω-bond cleavage to yield the p-benzoylbenzyl radical (BBR) at 295 K, and the quantum yields (ΦBBR) were determined. The CIDEP signal originated from BBR formed upon decomposition of CMBP was obtained while that for BMBP was absent. By using triplet sensitization of acetone, the efficiencies (BBR) of the CX bond fission in the triplet states of BMBP and CMBP were determined. The agreement between the ΦBBR and BBR values for CMBP indicates that the CCl bond dissociation occurs only in the triplet state. In contrast to CMBP, the cleavage of the CBr bond in BMBP upon direct excitation was concluded to be the event only in the excited singlet state without triplet formation, whereas the triplet state was also reactive for ω-bond dissociation. The rate of CBr bond dissociation seemed to be greater than that of intersystem crossing from the S1 to the T1 state. Schematic energy diagrams of the excited states of BMBP and CMBP were shown, and the reaction profiles were discussed from the viewpoint of the CX bond enthalpies. 相似文献
28.
29.
《Journal of separation science》2003,26(8):647-652
The use of a poly(methylmethacrylate) capillary electrophoresis chip, provided with a high sample load capacity separation system (a 8500 nL separation channel combined with a 500 nL sample injection channel) and a pair of on‐chip conductivity detectors, for zone electrophoresis (ZE) determination of oxalate in beer was studied. Hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flows of the solution in the separation compartment of the chip were suppressed and electrophoresis was a dominant transport process in the separations performed on the chip. A low pH of the carrier electrolyte (3.8), implemented by aspartic acid and bis‐tris propane, provided an adequate selectivity in the separation of oxalate from anionic beer constituents and, at the same time, also a sufficient sensitivity in its conductivity detection. Under our working conditions, this anion could be detected at a 0.5 μmol/L concentration also in samples containing chloride (a major anionic constituent of beer) at a 1800 higher concentration. Such a favorable analyte/matrix concentration ratio made possible accurate and reproducible [typically, 2–5% relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the peak areas of the analyte in dependence on its concentration in the sample] determination of oxalate in 500 nL volumes of 20–50‐fold diluted beer samples. Short analysis times (about 200 s), minimum sample preparation, and reproducible migration times of this analyte (0.5–1.0% RSD values) were characteristic for ZE on the chip. 相似文献
30.
The hydrogen donation kinetics of four 3-aryl-benzofuranones with different chemical structures toward tert-butoxyl radicals were studied using laser flash photolysis (LFP) technique. The rate constants of hydrogen reactions, which can be used to evaluate the hydrogen donating abilities of 3-aryl-benzofuranones toward radicals, were obtained. The results showed that the position of substituted methyl group has a very important effect on the hydrogen donating ability of benzofuranone toward tert-butoxyl radicals, i.e. if the methyl group is on 2′-position, the hydrogen donation of 3-aryl-benzofuranone toward tert-butoxyl radicals will be prevented and the hydrogen donating ability will be weakened. 相似文献