Self‐initiation of the UV photopolymerization of brominated acrylates

Brominated aromatic acrylates were found to polymerize rapidly upon exposure to UV light. Moreover, they are able to initiate the UV‐induced polymerization of acrylic formulations that do not contain a conventional photoinitiator. In contrast, the corresponding unbrominated homologues are not effective as initiators. Investigations by real‐time FTIR spectroscopy have shown that the addition of only 1 wt % of a brominated acrylate is sufficient for an efficient initiation. Fast photopolymerization is achieved even if irradiation is carried out at λ > 300 nm where most acrylates do not absorb. Short‐lived transients were studied by laser flash photolysis. The triplet was found to show low sensitivity to oxygen which is because of its very short lifetime. Bromine radicals split of from the acrylates were trapped with bromine ions from tetraethyl ammonium bromide and detected as Br. The resulting quantum yields for the formation of bromine radicals are in the range of up to 0.3. Quantum chemical modeling was carried out to establish a mechanism for the release of bromine radicals. Both bromine and bromophenyl radicals are able to initiate the polymerization reaction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4905–4916, 2008     

A 65-nm 1-Gb NOR floating-gate flash memory with less than 50-ns access time

This paper presents a 65-nm 1-Gb NOR-type floating-gate flash memory, in which the cell device and chip circuit are developed and optimized. In order to solve the speed problem of giga-level NOR flash in the deep submicron process, the models of long bit-line and word-line are first given, by which the capacitive and resistive loads could be estimated. Based on that, the read path and key modules are optimized to enhance the chip access property and reliability. With the measurement results, the flash memory cell presents good endurance and retention properties, and the macro is operated with 1-las/byte program speed and less than 50-ns read time under 3.3 V supply.     

嵌入式系统中Flash存储管理策略

Flash存储器因其体积小、容量大、成本低、掉电数据不丢失等一系列优点,成为嵌入式系统中主要数据和程序载体。然而,由于Flash读写存储的编程特点,有必要对其进行存储过程管理．以使其数据存储性能得以改善。本文以TRI公司的基于NOR Flash的Flash管理软件FMM为例,详细介绍嵌入式系统中如何根据Flash的物理特性来进行Flash存储管理,并在此基础上对其数据存储方法进行了改进。     

视觉诱发电位提取中闪光刺激的PWM实现

视觉诱发电位提取过程中,可以通过闪光刺激获得诱发脑电信号．实验发现,闪光刺激的脉宽、频率和闪光刺激次数对于视觉诱发电位的提取具有关键作用．针对视觉诱发电位的提取特点及其相关因素,探讨了基于脉宽调制（PWM）技术的闪光刺激方法,研究了PWM的软硬件实现方法,同时利用专用集成芯片实现了精确的PWM输出,从而可以根据视觉诱发电位提取过程中的具体条件调整闪光刺激的参数,实现视觉诱发电位的有效提取．实验结果表明利用PWM的精确提取方法控制闪光刺激的发生,对于闪光视觉诱发电位的有效提取具有较好的效果．     

含水乙醇多孔直喷喷油器喷雾特性试验研究

含水乙醇在具有现有燃料乙醇优点的同时,还可以降低生产过程中的能源消耗和排放。应用高速摄像机和定容弹系统,在五孔直喷汽油喷油器上研究体积分数95%的含水乙醇在不同燃油温度和喷射背压下的喷雾特性,分析其喷雾形态、贯穿距、喷雾锥角、喷雾宽度、喷雾投影面积及闪沸现象,并与纯汽油的喷雾特性进行对比。研究结果表明：含水乙醇喷雾处于冷态射流状态时,贯穿距大于汽油并随背压升高而降低、油温升高而升高;喷雾锥角小于汽油,并随着背压升高而减小;在完全闪沸状态下,喷雾坍塌成单束油束,喷雾贯穿距明显增长,喷雾锥角明显减小,在靠近喷孔区域喷雾宽度增加,远离喷孔区域喷雾宽度减小,此时喷雾投影面积主要受喷射背压影响。     

排球发射机的研究及其设计

本文根据目前排球运动训练器材发展的动态和趋势,重点研究了发球训练的规律及其手段,并在此基础上,研究和设计出“排球发射机”。     

基于Flash交互动画技术的西湖传统文化保护系统

西湖传统文化保护系统属于非物质文化数字保护的范畴.在非物质文化数字化保护的框架下,以西湖传统文化内容为范例,探讨和建立了以Flash开发平台的Action Script 3.0为基础、交互动画形式为主的多维度交互式展示系统,重点解决基于Flash Action Script 3.0语言为基础的内在技术,尝试以模拟触控平台、无缝链接交互结构及自由信息交互操控三大交互结构设计来实现交互现实体验,从而验证了在数字化媒体艺术中Flash交互动画技术传播传统文化的优势和有效性.     

CO2原油体系中的PR状态方程改进方法

针对现有工程应用中的状态方程描述油藏条件下CO₂-原油非理想体系时不能同时兼顾精度和计算简便性要求的问题,开展了对PR立方型状态方程修正研究。基于热力学和流体相平衡原理,考虑温度、压力和非烃组分相互作用等影响因素,采用将无因次系数由常数项改进为与对比温度相关联函数项的方法,对PR状态方程进行修正,改善液体密度及重组分特征的预测效果。以油田现场油样实测组分数据为基础,在油藏温压条件下,对PR状态方程修正前后计算油气组分等参数的精度进行了对比。结果表明,新的状态方程在不失计算简便的前提下,计算精度显著提高,相对误差下降到5%以下,满足工程应用要求,在预测油藏条件下流体相态方面具有更好的实用价值,为CO₂驱数值模拟提供支持。     

基于非易失性存储器的存储系统技术研究进展

 非易失性存储器（NVM）主要包括两类,即适用于外存的、块寻址的闪存和适用于内存的、字节寻址的持久性内存。相比于传统磁盘,闪存具有性能高、能耗低和体积小等优势;相比于DRAM（动态随机存储器）,持久性内存如PCM（相变存储器）、RRAM（阻变存储器）等,具有非易失、存储密度高以及同等面积/内存插槽下能给多核环境的CPU 提供更多的数据等优点,这些都为存储系统的高效构建带来了巨大的机遇。然而,传统存储系统的构建方式不适用于非易失性存储器,阻碍了其优势的发挥。为此,分析了基于非易失性存储器构建存储系统的挑战,从闪存、持久性内存两个层次分别综述了它们在存储体系结构、系统软件以及分布式协议方面的变革,总结了基于非易失性存储器构建存储系统的主要研究方向。     

Moisture effect on the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle in a flash smelting furnace

A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.