视觉诱发电位提取中闪光刺激的PWM实现

视觉诱发电位提取过程中,可以通过闪光刺激获得诱发脑电信号．实验发现,闪光刺激的脉宽、频率和闪光刺激次数对于视觉诱发电位的提取具有关键作用．针对视觉诱发电位的提取特点及其相关因素,探讨了基于脉宽调制（PWM）技术的闪光刺激方法,研究了PWM的软硬件实现方法,同时利用专用集成芯片实现了精确的PWM输出,从而可以根据视觉诱发电位提取过程中的具体条件调整闪光刺激的参数,实现视觉诱发电位的有效提取．实验结果表明利用PWM的精确提取方法控制闪光刺激的发生,对于闪光视觉诱发电位的有效提取具有较好的效果．     

Photopolymerization mechanisms of acrylates in poly(methyl methacrylate) films

Photoinitiation processes for photopolymer coating layers have been investigated with respect to quenching rates by a laser flash photolysis using a total reflection cell, as well as to the decomposition‐quantum yield of a sensitizer dye and a radical‐generating reagent by a gel permeative chromatographic analysis (GPC); the sensitizer dye,2‐[p‐(diethylamino)styryl]naphtho[1,2‐d]‐thiazole (DNT) and the radical‐generating reagent, 2,2′‐bis(2‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetraphenyl‐1,1′‐bi‐1H‐imidazole (BI). From experiments using flash photolysis, strong fluorescence was observed at excitation of 355 nm laser pulse, though no transient absorption was observed. The fluorescence was statically quenched by BI with a quenching distance, R = 11 Å. From the experiments using GPC, the high‐quantum yield of decomposition (Φ) was obtained as Φ (DNT) = 3 and Φ (BI) = 9 for DNT and BI in the presence of acrylate monomers, trimethyrolpropanetri‐acrylate (TMPTA), at 488 nm exposure of 3.36 mJ cm which was required to form a photo‐hardened image, however no decomposition of DNT and BI was detected in the absence of TMPTA. The results imply that the photoinitiator system undergoes efficient static‐dye sensitization and efficient polymerization of the acrylate monomers accompanied with the chain decomposition of DNT and BI. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

典型塑料载体与助燃剂燃烧残留物的闪蒸气相色谱-质谱分析

通过对火场常见塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物的分析,发展一种适用此类燃烧残留物的火灾物证鉴定方法,对火场中是否存在助燃剂进行判断,避免漏检情况的发生。应用热分析技术确定合适的闪蒸温度,在此温度下对塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物进行闪蒸分析,并从实验条件选择、可行性分析、定性分析三方面对闪蒸技术进行评价。结果表明,闪蒸气相色谱-质谱（Flash GC-MS）技术可以检测到热塑性聚合物塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物中残留的助燃剂特征组分,可对火场中是否存在过助燃剂进行辨别。闪蒸气相色谱-质谱技术丰富了现代火灾物证鉴定技术,能进一步辅助火灾物证鉴定工作,使鉴定结论更准确、可靠。     

CO2原油体系中的PR状态方程改进方法

针对现有工程应用中的状态方程描述油藏条件下CO₂-原油非理想体系时不能同时兼顾精度和计算简便性要求的问题,开展了对PR立方型状态方程修正研究。基于热力学和流体相平衡原理,考虑温度、压力和非烃组分相互作用等影响因素,采用将无因次系数由常数项改进为与对比温度相关联函数项的方法,对PR状态方程进行修正,改善液体密度及重组分特征的预测效果。以油田现场油样实测组分数据为基础,在油藏温压条件下,对PR状态方程修正前后计算油气组分等参数的精度进行了对比。结果表明,新的状态方程在不失计算简便的前提下,计算精度显著提高,相对误差下降到5%以下,满足工程应用要求,在预测油藏条件下流体相态方面具有更好的实用价值,为CO₂驱数值模拟提供支持。     

基于非易失性存储器的存储系统技术研究进展

 非易失性存储器（NVM）主要包括两类,即适用于外存的、块寻址的闪存和适用于内存的、字节寻址的持久性内存。相比于传统磁盘,闪存具有性能高、能耗低和体积小等优势;相比于DRAM（动态随机存储器）,持久性内存如PCM（相变存储器）、RRAM（阻变存储器）等,具有非易失、存储密度高以及同等面积/内存插槽下能给多核环境的CPU 提供更多的数据等优点,这些都为存储系统的高效构建带来了巨大的机遇。然而,传统存储系统的构建方式不适用于非易失性存储器,阻碍了其优势的发挥。为此,分析了基于非易失性存储器构建存储系统的挑战,从闪存、持久性内存两个层次分别综述了它们在存储体系结构、系统软件以及分布式协议方面的变革,总结了基于非易失性存储器构建存储系统的主要研究方向。     

Moisture effect on the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle in a flash smelting furnace

A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.     

基于约束共轭梯度的高能闪光照相图像复原算法

 针对闪光照相系统模糊较大、成像信噪比低的特点,提出了一种基于约束共轭梯度的闪光照相图像复原算法,将闪光照相图像复原问题转化为一个约束优化问题,引入基于非负、中值滤波和偏微分方程的光滑约束条件,并利用约束共轭梯度法迭代求最优解。数值试验表明,该算法能较好再现图像边缘信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和视觉方面都有较大提高。     

Role of sugar in controlling reaction pathways: A study with thymine and thymidine

Magnetic field effect in conjunction with laser flash photolysis have been used for studying interactions of 9,10-anthraquinone and 2-methyl 1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) with a DNA base, thymine (Thy) and its nucleoside, thymidine (dThd). Irrespective of medium Thy has been found to support both electron transfer (ET) and hydrogen abstraction with the quinones while dThd has exhibited a complete reluctance towards ET. This unique behavior of dThd has been attributed to a failure in attaining aromaticity by virtue of keto-enol tautomerism upon addition of a sugar moiety. Electron withdrawing effect of sugar unit is also considered responsible for reduction of ET from dThd. Again both Thy and dThd have exhibited hydrogen abstraction in homogeneous medium, which is normally unexpected. The above behaviors of the bases have been explained on the basis of their chemical structures.     

Low-pressure pyrolysis of tBu2SO: synthesis and IR spectroscopic detection of HSOH

Sulfenic acid (HSOH, 1 ) has been synthesized in the gas‐phase by low‐pressure high‐temperature (1150 °C) pyrolysis of di‐tert‐butyl sulfoxide (tBu₂SO, 2 ) and characterized by means of matrix isolation and gas‐phase IR spectroscopy. High‐level coupled‐cluster (CC) calculations (CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ and CCSD(T)/cc‐pVQZ) support the first identification of the gas‐phase IR spectrum of 1 and enable its spectral characterization. Five of the six vibrational fundamentals of matrix‐isolated 1 have been assigned, and its rotational‐resolved gas‐phase IR spectrum provides additional information on the O–H and S–H stretching fundamentals. Investigations of the pyrolysis reaction by mass spectrometry, matrix isolation, and gas‐phase FT‐IR spectroscopy reveal that, up to 500 °C, 2 decomposes selectively into tert‐butylsulfenic acid, (tBuSOH, 3 ), and 2‐methylpropene. The formation of the isomeric sulfoxide (tBu(H)SO, 3 a ) has been excluded. Transient 3 has been characterized by a comprehensive matrix and gas‐phase vibrational IR study guided by the predicted vibrational spectrum calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level (B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p)). At higher temperatures, the intramolecular decomposition of 3 , monitored by matrix IR spectroscopy, yields short‐lived 1 along with 2‐methylpropene, but also H₂O, and most probably sulfur atoms. In addition, HSSOH ( 6 ), H₂, and S₂O are found among the final pyrolysis products observed at 1150 °C in the gas phase owing to competing intra‐ and intermolecular decomposition routes of 3 . The decomposition routes of the starting compound 2 and of the primary intermediate 3 are discussed on the basis of experimental results and a computational study performed at the B3LYP/6‐311G* and second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2/6‐311G* and RI‐MP2/QZVPP) levels of theory.     

闪速炉熔炼配风对反应过程的影响

随着铜闪速炉熔炼强度的不断提高,熔炼生产及其反应配风之间的关系发生了明显变化,其相互影响关系需要重新确定,为此,建立闪速熔炼过程的数值模型,并采用CFD软件Fluent6.3就大投料量下闪速炉生产操作的2个主要参数(分散风与工艺风)对熔炼过程中气、粒两相运动与混合反应过程的影响进行仿真研究。研究结果表明:分散风工艺风的动量比对闪速炉内颗粒的分散效果影响显著;在适度分散精矿颗粒并有效控制其对反应塔壁造成冲刷蚀损的前提下,使用大分散风工艺风动量比更有利于炉内气、粒两相混合与反应过程的顺利进行;而在相同分散风工艺风动量比下,采用小工艺风风速的操作条件时炉内整体反应效果较佳。