建筑构件多功能耐火试验炉的设计

为了适应多种建筑构件耐火试验,并提高试验的可靠性,根据GB/T9978—1999标准的要求,设计了水平建筑构件耐火试验炉和垂直建筑构件耐火试验炉各一座.通过合理布置燃烧器,使炉内的温度更均匀,利用自行设计的控制系统对炉内的温度及压力进行自动控制,克服了传统人工操作的各种缺点,同时也减少了污染,节省了空间,节约了燃料及人工成本.最后介绍了试验炉的使用情况,取得了较好的效果.     

昆明西山林场5种可燃物的火行为研究

[目的]通过估测西山林场内主要可燃物特征,预测潜在的火行为大小,为西山林场的防火管理提供科学参考.[方法]通过外业调查,对柏木(Cupressus funebris)、旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、华山松(P.armandii)和麻栎(Quercus acut...     

Simulation methodology — An introduction for queueing theorists

Simulation is a widely used methodology for queueing systems. Its superficial simplicity hides a number of pitfalls which are not all as well known as they should be. In particular simulation experiments need careful design and analysis as well as good presentations of the results. Even the elements of simulation such as the generation of arrival and service times have a chequered history with major problems lying undiscovered for 20 years. On the other hand, good simulation practice can offer much more than is commonly realized.     

A design of experiments concept for the minimization of nonspecific peptide adsorption in the mass spectrometric determination of substance P and related hemokinin‐1

Substance P and hemokinin‐1 were predominantly examined by immunoassays with their limitation to differentiate appropriately between both peptides. The use of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is a promising, highly selective alternative. Adsorption processes have been identified in preliminary experiments to play a crucial role in the loss of mass spectrometry intensity of both peptides. Therefore, a design of experiments concept was created to minimize nonspecific peptide adsorption. For this purpose, the most critical influencing parameters—(1) the composition of the injection solvent as well as (2) the most suitable container material—were systematically and concordantly investigated. The addition of modifiers, such as formic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and organic solvents, to the injection solvent led to a substantial gain of intensity of substance P and hemokinin‐1 compared to the start gradient as an injection solvent. Furthermore, the systematic investigation underlined the high impact of the container material, demonstrating polypropylene as the most favorable material. A conjoint injection solvent optimum was found to determine both peptides simultaneously by the conduction of a sweet‐spot analysis. The experimental design substantially reduced nonspecific peptide adsorption and enabled the simultaneous and selective determination of endogenous substance P and hemokinin‐1 plasma levels.     

基于微信平台防火防盗系统的设计与实现

为提高学生宿舍的火灾预警以及防盗报警的能力, 给学生提供安全舒适的居住环境, 运用无线传感网技术和后台服务器开发技术, 设计了基于微信公众平台的防火防盗系统。 通过该系统用户可使用微信端实时查看室内状况, 实现对学生宿舍的远程监控。 该系统成本低、 操作灵活、 界面友好, 经实际使用获得了很好的用户体验。     

基于GPC的环肋耐压圆柱壳结构失稳概率分析

为评估具有小失效概率特性的深潜环肋耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳概率,提出了一种新的基于高斯过程分类和重要抽样的自适应分析方法.该方法通过引入马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛法和欧式距离,开发了一种新的考虑预测不确定性和取样均匀性的自适应试验设计策略,以便更高效地构造高斯过程分类器;采用核密度估计构造准最优重要抽样密度函数;基于失效概率估计的稳定性,提出了一种更精确的迭代停止准则.通过某一分段函数验证了所提分析方法的准确性及高效性.应用所提方法得到某深潜环肋耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳概率约为8.242×10^-5.     

Microgravity experiments on colloidal crystallization of silica spheres in the presence of sodium chloride

 Rate coefficients (k) in the colloidal crystallization of monodispersed silica spheres in the presence of sodium chloride are studied in microgravity achieved by parabolic flights of an aircraft. Time-resolved reflection spectroscopy is made with a continuous circulating-type stopped-flow cell system. The k values decrease as the salt concentration increases both at 0 and 1 G and those in microgravity are smaller than those in normal gravity by 16% (maximum), especially in water and in the presence of a small amount of the salt lower than 2 × 10⁻⁶ mol/l. The rates in flight at 1 G are larger by 15% (maximum) compared with those at 1 G on the ground. The k values obtained at 0 G, 1 G in flight and 1 G on the ground agree excellently with each other for the suspensions with 3 × 10⁻⁶ and 4 × 10⁻⁶ mol/l sodium chloride. Disappearance of the downward diffusion of spheres and no convection of the suspensions are important for retardation in microgravity. Received: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 9 March 2000     

Optimization of Antioxidant Synergy in a Polyherbal Combination by Experimental Design

Culinary herbs and spices are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants. Although the antioxidant effects of individual culinary herbs and spices are widely reported, little is known about their effects when used in combination. The current study was therefore undertaken to compare the antioxidant effects of crude extracts and essential oils of some common culinary herbs and spices in various combinations. The antioxidant interactions of 1:1 combinations of the most active individual extracts and essential oils were investigated as well as the optimization of various ratios using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the antioxidant activity, and MODDE 9.1^® software (Umetrics AB, Umea, Sweden) was used to determine the DoE. The results revealed synergism for the following combinations: Mentha piperita with Thymus vulgaris methanol extract (ΣFIC = 0.32 and ΣFIC = 0.15 using the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively); Rosmarinus officinalis with Syzygium aromaticum methanol extract (ΣFIC = 0.47 using the FRAP assay); T. vulgaris with Zingiber officinalis methanol extracts (ΣFIC = 0.19 using the ABTS assay); and R. officinalis with Z. officinalis dichloromethane extract (ΣFIC = 0.22 using the ABTS assay). The DoE produced a statistically significant (R2 = 0.905 and Q2 = 0.710) model that was able to predict extract combinations with high antioxidant activities, as validated experimentally. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts from a selection of culinary herbs and spices were improved when in combination, hence creating an innovative opportunity for the future development of supplements for optimum health.     

基于F-AHP的地铁消防安全综合评价

地铁站内部建筑结构复杂,客流量大,机电设备种类多,引发火灾的危险因素众多,一旦发生安全事故,人员疏散和事故救援困难,可能将造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。为保障地铁消防安全,加强消防隐患查处力度,切实做到地铁安全事前预防,以现代安全管理理论为基础,按照人-机-管理-环境的安全系统工程原理,建立地铁消防安全评价指标体系,对影响地铁消防安全的直接原因和潜在因素进行分层,采用定性和定量相结合的层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重并对其一致性做出检验,运用F-AHP理论,利用评价指标体系构建问题的层次分析模型,并通过实例进行全面、系统的科学评价。结果表明:该地铁实际情况与评价结果比较符合,以此验证了该评价体系的可操作性和合理性。最后,在对研究结果进行分析的基础上,从安全管理、信息化等薄弱环节出发提出加强地铁消防安全工作的建议。     

中学物理实验教学与能力的培养

根据多年教改实践的经验，阐述了中学物理实验教学中如何有效地培养学生的观察能力、思维能力、动手操作能力以及实验设计能力等问题。