Propagating beam analysis of fiber wavelength filters with a depressed-index section

A wavelength filter consisting of single-mode and few-mode fibers is investigated numerically. A simple finite-difference beam-propagation method, in which a transparent boundary condition can be imposed, is developed for circularly symmetric waveguides. After confirming the validity of the numerical method by the mode-mismatch loss, we calculate the propagating field in the fiber wavelength filter, in which interference between LP₀₁, and LP₀₂ modes occurs. To improve the filtering operation, a depressed-index fiber is employed for the few-mode fiber. The effects of the radius and refractive index of the depressed section on the transmission power are revealed and discussed. Power is suppressed to less than 0.1% at 1.3 μm, while maintaining power transmission of more than 85% at 1.55 μm. It is also found that the filtering operation shifts to higher wavelengths as the input power is increased when we choose a self-focusing nonlinear material in the depressed section.     

Non-destructive testing of tubes using a time reverse numerical simulation (TRNS) method

A method for the detection of defects in cylindrical structures and the determination of their positions and orientations is presented in this paper. The scattered field, which is generated by the interaction of excited guided waves with a defect, is evaluated with an approach named time reverse numerical simulation method (TRNS). Since the excited waves and the scattered field propagate along the sample, the time-consuming scanning of the whole tube can be eliminated. The scattered displacement field is measured in three dimensions over time with a laser vibrometer at different locations distributed equally around the circumference at a fixed axial coordinate far away from the defect. Instead of analyzing the complicated time signals directly, they are played back in time. If the recorded displacement histories of the scattered field are reversed in time and played back in an identical structure, the waves travel back the same path and interfere to a maximum at their origin. The result is an amplitude increase at the position of the defect where the scattered field was generated. Instead of playing back the recorded time signals in an experiment, this step is replaced by a numerical simulation. Only this enables the visualization and detection of the amplitude increase. As long as the simulation is of high accuracy, the position of the maximum interference corresponds exactly to the location of the defect in the experiment, although no defect is implemented in the simulation.     

High order accurate,one-sided finite-difference approximations to concentration gradients at the boundaries,for the simulation of electrochemical reaction-diffusion problems in one-dimensional space geometry

Accurate calculation of concentration gradients at the boundaries is crucial in electrochemical kinetic simulations, owing to the frequent occurrence of gradient-dependent boundary conditions, and the importance of the gradient-dependent electric current. By using the information about higher spatial derivatives of the concentrations, contained in the time-dependent, kinetic reaction-diffusion partial differential equation(s) in one-dimensional space geometry, under appropriate assumptions it is possible to increase the accuracy orders of the conventional, one-sided n-point finite-difference formulae for the concentration gradients at the boundaries, without increasing n. In this way a new class of high order accurate gradient approximations is derived, and tested in simulations of potential-step chronoamperometric and current-step chronopotentiometric transients for the Reinert-Berg system. The new formulae possess advantages over the conventional gradient approximations. For example, they allow one to obtain a third order accuracy by using two space points only, or fourth order accuracy by using three points, and yet they yield smaller errors than the conventional four-point, or five-point formulae, respectively. Needing fewer points, for approximating the gradients with a given accuracy, simplifies also the solution of the linear algebraic equations arising from the application of implicit time integration schemes.     

Optical Characterization of Iridescent Wings of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Morpho</Emphasis> Butterflies using a High Accuracy Nonstandard Finite-Difference Time-Domain Algorithm

In certain species of moths and butterflies iridescent colors arise from subwavelength diffractive surface corrugation of the wing-scales. The optical properties of such structures depend strongly on wavelength, incidence angle, and state of polarization of illuminating radiation, and the viewing angle. In this paper, we study the reflection spectra of the wings of the Morpho didius butterfly by simulating a double-layered model of a transverse cross-section comprised of the ground scale and the cover scale. Each layer contains a certain quasi-periodic arrangement of tree-like subwavelength microstructures. The simulation is done using a high accuracy nonstandard finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in two dimensions. We assume that the structure is made of a slightly lossy dielectric material. The wavelength dependence of the complex refractive index for the ground scale of Morpho didius is assumed to be similar to that of Morpho sulkowskyi. The complex refractive index in the latter case was obtained by comparing the computed reflection/transmission spectra with corresponding experimental measurements at normal incidence.     

3D FDTD Implementation for Scattering of Electric Anisotropic Dispersive Medium Using Recursive Convolution Method

The finite-difference time-domain method based on recursive convoltion method (RC-FDTD) for the electric anisotropic dispersive medium is discussed in detail. To exemplify the availability of the three-dimensional RC-FDTD algorithm, the backscattering Radar-Cross-Section(RCS) of a non-magnetized plasma sphere is computed, and the numerical results are the same as the one of the Shift Operater-FDTD method, and show that the RC-FDTD method is correct and efficient. In addition, the co-polarized and cross-polarized backscattering time-domain of a magnetized plasma sphere are obtained by the RC-FDTD algorithm. The results show that when the external magnetic field is implemented, the cross-polarized component appear, evidently.     

Evaluation of moisturizing cream using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a useful tool for material characterization because it provides both temporal and frequency domain information. In this work, we perform terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for evaluation of commercial moisturizing cream cosmetics. By measurement of terahertz transmission, the change of complex refractive index by exposure of the cosmetic samples in ambient condition is obtained. The tendency of terahertz transmission change is different from that of mass change, which implies that terahertz response becomes a new characterization tool for moisturizing cosmetics. Our results show that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy has potential application on cosmetic testing.     

黄曲霉毒素的太赫兹检测研究

为了探索能够快速简便、特异敏感的黄曲霉毒素检测方法,应用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术获得了黄曲霉毒素B1和M1在0.3~2.1 THz范围内的吸收光谱,实验结果显示它们在测量波段范围表现出不同的吸收位置和吸收强度,表明THz波对它们结构的变化有灵敏响应。黄曲霉毒素在THz波段的指纹谱的测定显示出太赫兹时域光谱技术作为一种新的光谱研究手段具有用于黄曲霉毒素结构和功能研究的潜力,并为此技术应用于食品中黄曲霉毒素的检测奠定了基础。     

极小孔半导体激光器近场区光场分布研究

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算和分析了极小孔半导体激光器输出光端面附近的光场分布,指出小孔激光器近场区域光场分布的特点,讨论了小孔大小和金属厚度对光场分布和光源分辨率的影响,得到设计和制备极小孔半导体激光器的优化方法.     

水平极化电磁脉冲模拟器空间场的数值模拟

 采用时域有限差分方法，对水平极化电磁脉冲模拟器所产生的电磁场进行数值模拟，在时域中计算了电磁场的时间 空间分布。讨论了电磁脉冲模拟器产生的电磁脉冲波形和场的空间变化、均匀性等重要因素。结果表明，模拟器产生的电磁脉冲前沿为10ns，接近脉冲电压前沿，波形与脉冲电压波形（双指数波）相差较大；峰值场强在对称轴上并非与距离成反比，而是随距离增大而迅速减弱；该模拟器的双锥 笼形天线能在大范围内（大于等于50m,水平方向）产生均匀分布、高峰值场强、快前沿的电磁脉冲。     

苯丙氨酸的太赫兹光谱测试与理论研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术,在室温氮气环境下对固态苯丙氨酸进行了光谱测试,获得了样品在THz波段的特征吸收谱,发现苯丙氨酸样品在有效光谱范围（0.2～2.2 THz）内有两个明显的特征吸收峰,分别位于1.23和1.99THz处.用从头算理论,在HF/6-31G水平下对苯丙氨酸分子进行结构优化和频率计算,得到了样品在0.1～10 THz的振动频谱.在有效光谱范围内,理论计算结果与实验相互对应且符合较好,同时根据计算结果对实验中特征吸收的振动模式进行了指认.