镉对刺参组织过氧化氢酶活性影响

研究了镉离子在刺参组织蓄积及在排放过程中投喂普通饲料和在普通饲料中加入多糖对组织CAT酶活性的影响,结果表明:(1)CAT的活性显示出高度的组织特异性,按CAT活性大小顺序为:内脏团>纵肌>体壁.(2)刺参组织酶活性随重镉离子染毒时间的增加先升高后降低,在排放阶段,染毒刺参投喂饲料后其组织酶活性随时间增加而逐渐恢复接近正常水平.表明CAT酶对刺参各组织早期污染具有一定的指示作用.(3)染毒后的刺参在清洁海水中排放期间,饲料中加入海藻多糖可明显促进刺参各组织重金属的排放,使得刺参各组织CAT酶活性较投喂普通饲料组明显提高.     

崇明东滩植物根际生物活性及与理化因素的相关性研究

采用常规的方法对崇明东滩入侵植物互花米草及本地物种芦苇、海三棱藨草根际土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性以及理化性质进行测定.结果显示:三大类群微生物中以细菌数量最多,不同植物中以海三棱藨草根际微生物量最多;过氧化氢酶活性为与海三棱藨草混生的互花米草根际最高,其他3种酶活性变化趋势相似,均以与芦苇混生的互花米草根际最高;进一步的分析表明:微生物的数量与土壤中有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量存在一定程度的正相关.说明崇明东滩植物根际土壤生物活性与理化因素有着密切的关系,为利用微生物学方法防治植物入侵提供依据.     

亚麻纤维的酶处理

亚麻纤维织物具有优良的吸湿、透气、滑爽等特点,但因其刺痒感和抗皱性差而大大影响了服用性能.针对亚麻纤维织物的这一缺陷概括介绍了生物酶的种类、特性及作用机理,特别对纺织用果胶酶和纤维素酶的使用情况进行了论述.探讨了亚麻纤维的各种酶处理方法及作用,以便改善其服用性能.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对雄性大鼠生殖系统影响

研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对雄性生殖内分泌系统的损害作用及其机制．将不同剂量的BBP(0、0．45、0．9、1．8 mL/kg),每日对Wistar雄性大鼠连续灌胃,染毒30 d、60 d,测定大鼠血清中FSH、LH、T和睾丸匀浆中T的水平及睾丸标志酶ACP、γ-GT的活性．随着BBP染毒剂量的增加及时间的延长血清中及睾丸匀浆中T的水平显著下降(P＜0．01),血清中LH、FSH呈上升趋势(P＜0．05),睾丸中ACP水平先升后降,γ-GT的活性则明显下降(P＜0．01)．BBP对雄性失鼠有明显的生殖毒性,影响其血清及睾丸性激素水平和酶活性,这可能与BBP对支持细胞和生精上皮的损害有关．     

Crosslinked penicillin acylase aggregates for synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics in organic medium

Crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of a partially purified penicillin acylase from a recombinant Escherichia coli strain have been produced as a novel type of biocatalysts well endowed to perform in organic media. Different protein precipitants were studied and glutaraldehyde was used as the crosslinking agent. Precipitation curves were obtained for all precipitants to determine the concentrations at which all the protein precipitated out of the solution. The effect of the glutaraldehyde-to-protein ratio was studied with respect to process recovery and the specific activity and stability of the biocatalyst. Recovery of penicillin acylase activity was moderately high, about 50%; major losses of enzyme activity were produced at the precipitation step. Specific activities of all CLEAs were very high, which is one of the advantages of using nonsupported biocatalysts. Ammonium sulfate and tert-butyl alcohol were the best precipitants at a glutaraldehyde-protein mass ratio of 2 and were selected to perform the kinetically controlled synthesis of ampicillin in 60% (v/v) ethylene glycol medium. At comparable conversion yields, volumetric and specific antibiotic productivity were much higher for CLEAs than for carrier-bound penicillin acylases.     

手性药物的酶催化不对称定向合成

手性药物目前已成为国际上新药研究的热点。手性药物及其中间体的酶催化定向合成与传统的有机合成反应相比,所需条件温和,无需强酸强碱、高温高压等极端条件,可大大降低对设备的要求,同时具备反应速度快、立体选择性高等优势,而且对环境污染小,属于绿色合成技术,因而成为制备手性化合物的最有前景的方法之一。本文主要介绍了手性药物的酶催化不对称定向合成的方式、催化机理及应用,并引入了一些最新进展情况。     

Polydopamine-Assisted Rapid One-Step Immobilization of L-Arginine in Capillary as Immobilized Chiral Ligands for Enantioseparation of Dansyl Amino Acids by Chiral Ligand Exchange Capillary Electrochromatography

Herein, a novel L-arginine (L-Arg)-modified polydopamine (PDA)-coated capillary (PDA/L-Arg@capillary) was firstly fabricated via the basic amino-acid-induced PDA co-deposition strategy and employed to constitute a new chiral ligand exchange capillary electrochromatography (CLE-CEC) method for the high-performance enantioseparation of D,L-amino acids (D,L-AAs) with L-Arg as the immobilized chiral ligand coordinating with the central metal ion Zn(II) as running buffer. Assisted by hydrothermal treatment, the robust immobilization of L-Arg on the capillary inner wall could be facilely achieved within 1 h, prominently improving the synthesis efficiency and simplifying the preparation procedure. The successful preparation of PDA/L-Arg coatings in the capillary was systematically characterized and confirmed using several methods. In comparison with bare and PDA-functionalized capillaries, the enantioseparation capability of the presented CLE-CEC system was significantly enhanced. Eight D,L-AAs were completely separated and three pairs were partially separated under the optimal conditions. The prepared PDA/L-Arg@capillary showed good repeatability and stability. The potential mechanism of the greatly enhanced enantioseparation performance obtained by PDA/L-Arg@capillary was also explored. Moreover, the proposed method was further utilized for studying the enzyme kinetics of L-glutamic dehydrogenase, exhibiting its promising prospects in enzyme assays and other related applications.     

Production and Digestibility Studies of β-Galactosyl Xylitol Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Catalysts of LacA β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus Plantarum WCFS1

The synthesis of β-galactosyl xylitol derivatives using immobilized LacA β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 is presented. These compounds have the potential to replace traditional sugars by their properties as sweetener and taking the advantages of a low digestibility. The enzyme was immobilized on different supports, obtaining immobilized preparations with different activity and stability. The immobilization on agarose-IDA-Zn-CHO in the presence of galactose allowed for the conserving of 78% of the offered activity. This preparation was 3.8 times more stable than soluble. Since the enzyme has polyhistidine tags, this support allowed the immobilization, purification and stabilization in one step. The immobilized preparation was used in synthesis obtaining two main products and a total of around 68 g/L of β-galactosyl xylitol derivatives and improving the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio by around 30% compared to that of the soluble enzyme. The catalyst was recycled 10 times, preserving an activity higher than 50%. The in vitro intestinal digestibility of the main β-galactosyl xylitol derivatives was lower than that of lactose, being around 6 and 15% for the galacto-xylitol derivatives compared to 55% of lactose after 120 min of digestion. The optimal amount immobilized constitutes a very useful tool to synthetize β-galactosyl xylitol derivatives since it can be used as a catalyst with high yield and being recycled for at least 10 more cycles.