中药红花与产纤溶酶菌株相互影响的研究

作者采用生长曲线法衡量不同浓度红花对产纤溶酶菌株C2-13的生长影响；纤维蛋白平板法测量纤溶酶活性；邻二氮菲-Fe^2 氧化法测量羟自由基清除率；乙酸酐直接测定法测量总胆固醇；HPLC法分析发酵产物．结果表明：产纤溶酶菌株C2-13能显著提高红花降血清总胆固醇的功效以及抗羟自由基氧化的能力；一定浓度红花的加入对C2-13的生长和纤溶酶活性有明显促进作用．HPLC分析还观察到红花经发酵炮制后，其成分发生了改变．说明中药红花与产纤溶酶菌株C2-13可相辅相成，互相促进．     

Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from plants

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) which can mediate browning reaction is a bifunctional copper-containing enzyme encoded by plant nucleolus gene. It usually leads to excessive browning reaction which reduces the coercial profits of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, PPO genes and enzymes in plants are characterized systematically, and the latest progress is reviewed. Some clonings of PPOs genes are reported; the specific temporal and spatial expression pattern of PPOs genes is described; the model of the structure of the precursor form of catechol oxidase is introduced; the possible functions of PPOs in defending against pathogen, wounding, surrounding stress and other inducing factors are demonstrated; the induction and activation of latent PPOs in some plants is elucidated; the scheme of browning inhibition by L-cysteine is clarified; the mechanism of suicide inhibition of latent PPO and kinetic synergism are established. Furthermore, the area for future study is also discussed.     

酶体外定向进化(Ⅲ)展示技术及其应用

利用展示技术构建的蛋白质／多肽的突变体库，可以通过高通量进行高效地分析和筛选，因此特别适用于改造蛋白质．文中综述噬菌体、细胞表面、核糖体、mRNA等展示技术的原理和方法，以及其在酶定向进化中的应用．     

磁场影响固定化葡萄糖异构酶活性的研究

采用丹麦Novo公司测固定化葡萄糖异构酶 (SweetzymeT)活力的反应体系 ,用半胱氨酸 -咔唑法评价酶的活性 ,研究了磁场在不同条件下对酶活力的影响。实验发现 :在不同磁化时间、温度、磁场强度和pH条件下磁化底物 ,使其活性增加可达 2 8 6 % ,并且具有可逆性 ,但磁化固定化酶或磁场作用于酶—底物反应体系 ,未见酶活力的明显变化。     

以壳聚糖为基质对蚯蚓纤溶酶进行亲和层析

蚯蚓纤溶酶(Earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes)有多种同工酶,分离纯化相对比较困难.我们采用壳聚糖作为基质,大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂为配体,戊二醛为偶联剂,分别研究了酸性和碱性条件下对蚯蚓纤溶酶的纯化效果.实验表明经壳聚糖为载体所制备的亲和吸附剂对蚓激酶具有较高的分离纯化选择性.并且在酸性条件下提取比在碱性条件下提取所得同工酶要少.     

以端粒末端DNAs为靶分子的抗癌药物的研究进展

端粒末端G-四股螺旋DNAs可以抑制端粒酶的键合，进一步抑制癌细胞的生长和大量繁殖。因此，端粒DNAs已成为具有抗癌药物作用的靶分子，能键合并稳定G-四股螺旋DNAs的小分子化合物是潜在的抗肿瘤药物。设计和合成能特异性靶向G-四股螺旋DNAs并显著抑制端粒酶活性的配体成为当今抗癌药物研究的又一大热点。叙述了近年来以端粒G-四股螺旋DNAs为靶分子的抗癌药物设计、合成的最新进展。     

壳聚糖固定化蚯蚓纤溶酶及其性质

以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联荆,用吸附交联法固定蚯蚓纤溶酶,对蚯蚓纤溶酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最适条件:1 g用pH为6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液浸泡的壳聚糖载体与5 mL体积分数为1%戊二醛在25℃交联8 h,充分洗去戊二醛之后,加入蚯蚓纤溶酶13 U,4℃吸附6 h,充分洗去未交联的游离酶,酶活力回收最高大约为63%,固定化酶的比活为0.082 U/mg.固定化酶,游离酶的最适温度均为50℃,游离酶的最适pH值为8.5,而固定化酶的最适pH值为8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性,pH稳定性均比游离酶有所提高,游离酶、固定化酶都能水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白,固定化酶不再水解BSA.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌Bc-05菌株纤溶酶的酶学性质

对蜡状芽孢杆菌Bc-05茵株的发酵上清液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析所获得的纤溶酶进行性质研究.结果表明:经纤维蛋白平板法检测该酶有直接水解纤维蛋白和激活纤溶酶原的双重作用,最适作用温度37℃,最适pH=8.0,在pH=8.0条件下25℃和37℃放置24 h酶活力仍保持77.52%和78.96%,该酶体外对兔血凝块有明显的溶解作用;Ca2+,Mn2+离子对该酶具有激活作用,而Cu2+,Fe3+完全抑制其纤溶活性,PMSF,EDTA和DTT对该酶有抑制作用,说明活性中心含有二硫键、金属离子和丝氨酸;测其N端10个氨基酸序列为NH2-Val-Thr-Pro-Thr-Asn-Ala-Val-Asn-Thr-Gly,与其他生物来源的纤溶酶相比较没有同源性.     

Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological condition. The rising prevalence of AD necessitates the rapid development of efficient therapy options. Despite substantial study, only a few medications are capable of delaying the disease. Several substances with pharmacological activity, derived from plants, have been shown to have positive benefits for the treatment of AD by targeting various enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase, γ-secretase, and monoamine oxidases (MAOs), which are discussed as potential targets. Medicinal plants have already contributed a number of lead molecules to medicine development, with many of them currently undergoing clinical trials. A variety of medicinal plants have been shown to diminish the degenerative symptoms associated with AD, either in their raw form or as isolated compounds. The aim of this review was to provide a brief summary of AD and its current therapies, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds examined as therapeutic agents and the processes underlying the positive effects, particularly the management of AD.     

Application of Cleavable Linkers to Improve Therapeutic Index of Radioligand Therapies

Radioligand therapy (RLT) is an emergent drug class for cancer treatment. The dose administered to cancer patients is constrained by the radiation exposure to normal tissues to maintain an appropriate therapeutic index. When a radiopharmaceutical or its radiometabolite is retained in the kidneys, radiation dose deposition in the kidneys can become a dose-limiting factor. A good exemplar is [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTATATE, where patients receive a co-infusion of basic amino acids for nephroprotection. Besides peptides, there are other classes of targeting vectors like antibody fragments, antibody mimetics, peptidomimetics, and small molecules that clear through the renal pathway. In this review, we will review established and emerging strategies that can be used to mitigate radiation-induced nephrotoxicity, with a focus on the development and incorporation of cleavable linkers for radiopharmaceutical designs. Finally, we offer our perspectives on cleavable linkers for RLT, highlighting future areas of research that will help advance the technology.