冲击压缩下玻璃等脆性材料中失效波的研究进展

失效波的研究始于Rasorenov和Kanel发现K1 9玻璃样品后自由表面速度时程曲线上有反常再压缩信号。失效波是二十世纪九十年代冲击动力学研究领域的一个重要发现 ,它是指在一维平面应变冲击压缩下 ,在玻璃等脆性材料中由冲击波引起的一种独特的失效或破坏现象。较为系统地回顾近年来对失效波的研究工作 ,评述了研究现状、最新结果、发展趋势、研究方法和实验手段 ,对尚存的问题进行了分析讨论 ,并介绍了玻璃材料的基本特性。最后简单汇报了作者在这方面的研究工作和取得的阶段性结果。     

水下航行器附连水质量的理论及实验研究

以二维无限长圆柱在水下的垂向振动为例,对其有限区域的不可压缩流场进行分析;通过数值计算并借鉴刘易斯法,分析了水域宽度比、水深比和浸没深度比等无量纲参数对刚体附连水质量的影响;提出了水下航行器附连水质量的快速预测公式.结果表明:刚性壁面可使刚体的附连水质量增大,但当刚体与壁面的距离增加到一定程度(截面半径的5倍)时,刚性壁面的影响可以忽略;自由表面可使刚体的附连水质量减小,当刚体与自由表面的距离达到截面半径的6倍时,可以忽略自由表面的影响;当刚体的垂向运动频率较高或刚体与自由表面的距离较大时,可以认为自由表面的速度势为零.     

Shear and extensional rheology of entangled polymer melts: Similarities and differences

This work extends our previous understanding concerning the nonlinear responses of entangled polymer solutions and melts to large external deformation in both simple shear and uniaxial extension. Many similarities have recently been identified for both step strain and startup continuous deformation, including elastic yielding, i.e., chain disentanglement after cessation of shear or extension, and emergence of a yield point during startup deformation that involves a deformation rate in excess of the dominant molecular relaxation rate. At a sufficiently high constant Hencky rate, uniaxial extension of an entangled melt is known to produce window-glass-like rupture. The present study provides evidence against the speculation that chain entanglements tie up into "dead knots" in constant-rate extension because of the exponentially growing chain stretching with time. In particular, it is shown that even Instron-style tensile stretching, i.e., extending a specimen by applying a constant velocity on both ends, results in rupture. Yet, in the same rate range, the same entangled melt only yields in simple shear, and the resulting shear banding is clearly not a characteristic of rupture. Thus, we conclude that chain entanglements respond to simple shear in the manner of yielding whereas uniaxial extension is rather effective in causing some entanglements to lock up, making it impossible for the entanglement network to yield at high rates.     

考虑防御系统延迟使其预测误差最大的突防弹道设计

对中段多脉冲机动突防弹道的设计问题进行了研究。采用的原理与方法有别于成熟的航天器多脉冲变轨,而是基于路径规划的思想对弹道设计问题简化。考虑敌方防御系统延迟,改进多脉冲点火模型,并基于变射面的思想对关机点参数进行了设计及优化。然后,从使敌方预测误差最大的角度提出评价函数,并利用遗传算法进行优化。最后,给出了一种同时满足导弹机动突防与打击精度要求的多脉冲弹道设计方法。从模型的可行性,方法的有效性、灵活性、迭代效率及精度等方面进行了仿真验证分析。在PC机仿真中,20 s内就设计出一条保证打击精度的中段突防弹道。结果表明,建立的模型是可行的,提出的突防弹道设计方法是快速有效的。     

基于失效情景的应急设施选址问题

非常规突发事件巨大的破坏力以及发生时间、地点和规模的不确定性,使应急系统内设施有可能被破坏而失效,因此选址时必须考虑设施失效情景的发生.给出以最大限度覆盖用户需求为目标,基于失效设施数目具有不确定性情景的设施选址双层随机规划模型;通过计算模型上下界,给出减小规模的等价模型,降低了双层规划求解难度;最后实验验证了模型的合理性,并给出新增选址方案.     

Structure Prediction of Binary Pernitride MN2 Compounds (M=Ca,Sr, Ba,La, and Ti)

Metal‐pernitride compounds belong to a class of chemical systems in which both the complex ions and the non‐bonding electrons may play roles in the formation of their modified crystalline structures. To investigate this issue, the energy landscapes of pernitrides of metals with different maximum valence (M=Ca, Sr, Ba, La, and Ti) were globally explored on the ab initio level at standard and high pressures, thereby yielding possible (meta)stable modifications in these systems together with information on how the landscape changed as function of the valence of the metal cation. For all of the systems in which no compounds had been synthesized so far, we predicted the existence of kinetically stable modifications that should, in principle, be experimentally accessible. In particular, TiN₂ should crystallize in a new structure type, TiN₂‐I.     

钢纤维对超高性能混凝土徐变损伤与失效行为的影响

为探明钢纤维对超高性能混凝土（UHPC）在高持久应力作用下的损伤与失效的影响，采用28天龄期的UHPC与普通混凝土试件开展了徐变损伤与失效试验。测试了各个试件加载全过程的轴向与环向应力应变，分析了其破坏模式、残余应变、徐变应变与名义泊松比。结合超声波无损检测与扫描电子显微镜手段，分析了UHPC内部微裂缝扩展与钢纤维与水泥基体的黏结损伤。结果表明：高持久应力的作用会导致UHPC与普通混凝土试件内部微裂缝扩展，引发构件横向膨胀，并最终导致构件破坏。UHPC中钢纤维的桥接约束效应可以很好地控制内部微裂缝扩展，从而限制了构件的横向膨胀。在持荷加载前，UHPC与普通混凝土具有类似的泊松比（0.18～0.19）；在持荷破坏时，UHPC的最大泊松比为0.28，而普通混凝土的最大泊松比达到0.6。当持久应力水平超过0.70 fc时，徐变损伤开始出现，具体表现为循环加载的强度与弹性模量下降。随着持久应力水平的提升，钢纤维与水泥基体的黏结出现损伤，钢纤维无法约束试件内部微裂缝的扩展，从而进一步加剧了试件损伤，甚至导致了试件的破坏。     

基于机械式变速器脱挡故障分析与预防

脱挡是汽车变速器的常见故障之一,笔者从机械式变速器脱挡故障现象入手,从整车和变速器两方面对脱挡故障展开分析,并提出了预防解决措施,提升机械式变速器可靠性能。     

An Investigation into the Migration of Segments in Crosslinked Fluorinated Polyimide Adhesive

Crosslinked fluorinated polyimides (CFPI) were successfully synthesized to study and explore the effect of cross-linkage on the migration of fluorinated segments and on the adhesion strength. Characterization by dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed good thermal properties of CFPI. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the ratio of fluorinated component (6FDA-ODA) concentration of the surface to the bulk decreased with the crosslink density. The water contact angle of CFPI was lower than that of non-crosslinked fluorinated polyimide, indicating that the migration of fluorinated groups to the surface was reduced by the presence of cross-linkage. Therefore, CFPI, with no fluorine segregation on the surface, exhibited excellent wetting of adherent surfaces and adhesion strength, which was proved by lap shear strength (LSS) measurements and scanning electron microscopy.     

NSD样本最近邻密度估计的相合性

利用负超可加相依(NSD)序列的Bernstein不等式和Borel-Cantelli引理, 给出NSD样本最近邻密度估计和失效率函数估计的(弱)强相合性、 一致强相合性和(一致)强相合速度.