Quantitative analysis of asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas during sequential finger movement

Brain asymmetry is a phenomenon well known for handedness and has been studied in motor cortices. However, few quantitative studies on asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas have been conducted. In this study, we systematically investigated asymmetrical cortical activity in motor areas during sequential finger movement by quantitatively analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses. The norm of BOLD signal percentage of change was introduced to quantitatively measure the BOLD signal intensity change difference between the left and right motor areas. The results of the data collected from six subjects show that the norm of BOLD signal percentage of change in the right motor area is higher than that in the left motor area for two-hand movement (P=.0059) and single-hand movement (P=.0279) with right-handedness. These results from fMRI show the asymmetry of motor areas and may suggest that the left hemisphere motor area comes into being as an adaptation system that needs few neuron cells only to finish any movement task for right-handedness. The activation intensity in the left motor area is reduced with normal right finger movement. The activation intensity in the right motor area is obviously higher than that in the left motor area.     

Ca2+ and cAMP regulations of microtubule sliding in hyperactivated motility of bull spermatozoa

To reach and fertilize the egg, mammalian spermatozoa change their flagellar movement in the female reproductive tract, named hyperactivation. The biochemical analyses of the hyperactivated movement using demembranated spermatozoa defined the factors inducing this peculiar movement; namely, large asymmetrical flagellar movement observed in the early stage of the hyperactivation was induced with a high Ca²⁺ concentration while large symmetrical flagellar movement in the late stage of the hyperactivation was generated with low Ca²⁺ and high cAMP concentrations. Under these conditions, the microtubule sliding of bull sperm flagella was investigated by disintegrating the sperm flagella with MgATP²⁻ after extracting their plasma membrane and mitochondria. The large asymmetrical flagellar movement was caused by a long sliding displacement of a fiber of the doublet microtubules. On the other hand, the large symmetrical flagellar movement was generated by a large amount of microtubule sliding by many doublet microtubules.     

Light-Driven Crawling of Molecular Crystals by Phase-Dependent Transient Elastic Lattice Deformation

The light-driven crawling of a molecular crystal that can form three phases, (α, β, and γ) is presented. Laser irradiation of the molecular crystal can generate phase-dependent transient elastic lattice deformation. The resulting elastic lattice deformation that follows scanning irradiation of a laser can actuate the different phases of molecular crystal to move with different velocity and direction. Because the γ phase has a large Young's modulus (ca. 26 GPa), a force of 0.1 μN can be generated under one laser spot. The generated force is sufficient to actuate the γ-formed molecular crystals in a wide dimensional range to move longitudinally at a velocity of about 60 μm min⁻¹, which is two orders of magnitude faster than the α and β phases.     

管道机器人弯管运动转体原因分析

为避免管道机器人弯管内运行时发生转体现象而影响管内任务的执行,对机器人转体的原因进行了深入研究.以建立的管道机器人弯管运行的位姿模型为基础,对机器人的受力状况进行了分析,建立了机器人过弯时的转体力矩模型.通过对转体力矩的分析,揭示了管道机器人弯管运行时发生转体的根本原因,并指出了管道机器人弯管运行的最佳姿态角.理论计算表明:当机器人以最佳姿态角运行时,机器人转体力矩几乎为0,不发生转体;当机器人以其他姿态角运行时,将出现一个不为0的转体力矩,该力矩使机器人向平衡姿态角方向转体,直至机器人姿态稳定为止.在实际应用时,使机器人在平衡姿态角运行为最佳.仿真结果与理论计算基本一致,该研究为人弯管内的姿态稳定运行提供了一定的理论依据.     

中医察目望神规则挖掘的关键技术

中医客观化中有一个很重要的问题是根据量化的人体特征推导出人体的状态.提出了一种用于中医察目望神客观化中从眼部特征推导出人体"神"的状态的规则挖掘方法.首先给出了视频采集方法,接着使用类-属性依赖最大化方法(CAIM)对眼部特征数据进行离散化形成规则挖掘中的属性区间,然后使用云模型进行关联规则挖掘得到大量候选规则,再对3种互补的规则裁剪方法进行修改和组合用于候选规则的整理,并形成最终的规则集合.利用交叉验证法检验规则挖掘的效果,得到了93%的平均精确度,达到了很好的效果.     

裂纹尖端位错发射与运动的分子动力学模拟

带缺陷的高强度X80管线钢基体相α-Fe裂纹顶端的变形机理对于揭示该材料的失效机理是非常重要的.采用嵌入原子方法（EAM）描述原子间作用势,由大型分子动力学并行软件LAMMPS（Largescale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator）,建立足够大的模型以避免边界对位错发射与运动的影响,对中心裂纹板施加远场应力载荷,获得了裂尖发射位错的临界应力强度因子.模拟结果显示,在远场应力作用下,裂纹尖端出现了间歇性发射出位错的现象,即,首先在裂尖沿［1 1〖     

梯度表面能材料上液滴运动特性实验

对水平和30°倾角放置梯度表面能材料表面上液滴运动特性进行了可视化实验,分析了液滴在梯度表面上运动速度的变化规律,以及液滴大小和表面倾角对运动速度变化的影响.实验结果表明:在梯度表面能材料上,液滴能获得较大的宏观运动速度,并可以沿30°倾角放置的梯度表面材料上自下而上的运动;大液滴较小液滴的峰值运动速度大,运动距离更远;液滴在运动过程中出现蠕动的现象.     

Recent advances in the development of colorimetric analysis and testing based on aggregation-induced nanozymes

Colorimetric sensing strategies as a powerful point-of-care testing(POCT) tool have attracted significant interest in various chem/biosensing applications.Taking the excellent bare-eye-detectable signaling feature,nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors enable more potential applications and have been a new forefront in the colorimetric POCT analysis toward different target analytes.However,the low catalytic activity of nanozymes in most cases limits their practical application.Recent efforts demonstrate that the aggregation-induced nanozymes provide a general means to modulate nanozymes activity and enhance colorimetric sensing performances of some nanozymes-based colorimetric sensors.But there are few reports are explored to discuss and review such aggregation-induced nanozymes and their colorimetric sensing applications.To highlight the advances and progress in aggregation-induced nanozymes based colorimetric assays,we herein summary the fundamentals,classify and applications of this newlydeveloping field,focusing on the aggregation-induced activity enhancement of nanozymes(AIAEnanozymes) with a significant "signal-on" feature and aggregation-induced activity inhibition of nanozymes(AIAI-nanozymes) with a dramatical "signal-of" characteristics.Finally,we also propose the current challenges and the future prospects on both AIAE-nanozymes and AIAI-nanozymes.     

科技创新:构建和谐社会的关键所在

作为"第一生产力"的科学技术承载着社会和谐发展的价值,是和谐社会系统运行的核心动力.科学技术通过促进生产力发展、促进人与自然协调发展和推动人与社会的协调发展体现出科学技术在构建和谐社会中的经济价值、生态价值和人文价值.     

货车移动遮断影响下的跟驰风险异质性建模

基于移动瓶颈理论和交通流理论构建“货车移动遮断”效应模型,解析货车移动遮断形成机理,选用无人机采集货车移动遮断场景中车辆行驶视频数据并提取高精度车辆跟驰轨迹样本,基于此提出考虑冲突可能性和冲突严重度的小客车跟驰风险评价方法和分级标准,利用RP-ORP模型构建了考虑异质性跟驰风险概率预测模型。结果表明：货车移动遮断动态影响交通流稳定性,其形成过程包括减速跟驰和加速超车两个阶段;考虑异质性的RP-ORP模型能实现特定条件下小客车跟驰行为处于不同风险等级的概率预测,且拟合优度高于FP-ORP模型高;货车纵向加速度、跟驰车头间距、跟驰持续时间、小客车与货车速度差、激进型驾驶员5个变量显著影响小客车跟驰风险水平,且跟驰持续时间和激进型驾驶员2个变量具有随机参数特性。