MB2镁等四种金属材料的本构关系和动态断裂研究

采用炸药爆轰－分离飞片加载装置与电容传感技术相结合，由高速示波器连续记录靶板自由面速度剖面，通过波剖面的时间分辨测量，研究了ＭＢ＿２镁、ＬＹ－１２铝、钨合金、２１６９钢四种金属材料的动力学响应特性，给出了这几种材料在弹性－理想塑性模型假设下的本构关系，还给出了它们的动态断裂强度，并对标准化层裂强度与破坏比功、屈服强度之间的相关性进行了分析和讨论。     

炸药驱动强电流短路开关的研

由于电磁轨道炮和其它强电流装置中短路运行的需要,研制了一种条形炸药驱动的大电流闭合开关。利用爆炸成型技术使金属飞板负电极在炸药部件作用下,大面积地同时切断绝缘薄膜,嵌入另一电极模槽中构成牢固的接触。开关的绝缘强度大于30kV,电感(包括传输线)小于50nH,最大峰值电流达到400kA,闭合接触电阻小于0.1m,动作时间约为14us。对于开关的爆轰,撞击及变形过程进行了一维和二维数值模拟计算,并提出了一个描述爆炸开关行为的经验模型。利用这个模型进行电磁轨道炮整个系统的数值模拟,同实验结果符合较好。     

Short-term microdamage of a physically nonlinear particulate material under a combination of normal and tangential loads

The structural theory of short-term damage is generalized to the case where the undamaged components of a particulate composite deform nonlinearly under loads that induce a compound stress state. The basis for this generalization is the stochastic elasticity equations for a particulate composite with porous components whose skeletons deform nonlinearly. Damage in a microvolume of the material is assumed to occur in accordance with the Huber-Mises failure criterion. Balance equations for damaged microvolume are derived for the physically nonlinear materials of the components. Together with the macrostress-macrostrain relationship for a particulate composite with porous nonlinear components, they constitute a closed-form system of equations. This system describes the coupled processes of physically nonlinear deformation and microdamage. Algorithms for calculating the microdamage-macrostrain relationship and plotting stress-strain curves are proposed. Such curves are plotted for the case where the composite is subjected to a combination of normal and tangential loads, and microdamages occur in the linearly hardened matrix and do not in the linearly elastic inclusions. The stress-strain curves are examined depending on the volume fraction of inclusions and presence of tangential stresses __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 48–57, December, 2006.     

Stability of longitudinally corrugated cylindrical shells under uniform surface pressure

The buckling problem for longitudinally corrugated cylindrical shells under external pressure is solved. The solution makes practically exact allowance for the geometry and buckling modes of the shell. The inaccuracy of the results is due to the assumption that the subcritical state is momentless. Shells consisting of cylindrical panels of smaller radius and noncircular shells with sinusoidal corrugations are analyzed for stability. The practical applicability of such shells is demonstrated __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 66–79, October 2007.     

ε-CL-20/F_(2311) PBXs力学性能和结合能的分子动力学模拟

本文应用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法,研究高能量密度化合物六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(ε-CL-20)与常用高聚物粘结剂F2311所构成的CL-20/F2311高聚物粘结炸药(PBXs)的力学性能和结合能随温度和高聚物浓度而变化的规律.结果表明,添加高聚物于主体炸药中,使其弹性模量减小,表明刚性减小,弹性增大,机械力学性能大为改善;在一定范围内,随高聚物F2311在PBXs中浓度的增加,体系结合能从正值变为负值,而随温度升高,体系的结合能变化不是很明显.     

Electrochemical detection of ultratrace nitroaromatic explosives using ordered mesoporous carbon

A sensitive electrochemical sensor has been fabricated to detect ultratrace nitroaromatic explosives using ordered mesoporus carbon (OMC). OMC was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. Glassy carbon electrodes functionalized with OMC show high sensitivity of 62.7 μA cm⁻² per ppb towards 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). By comparison with other materials such as carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous silica, it is found that the high performance of OMC toward sensing TNT is attributed to its large specific surface area and fast electron transfer capability. As low as 0.2 ppb TNT, 1 ppb 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 1 ppb 1,3-dinitrobenzene can be detected on OMC based electrodes. This work renders new opportunities to detect ultratrace explosives for applications of environment protections and home securities against chemical warfare agents.     

Effects of electric and mechanical loads on the morphological evolution of a void in piezoelectric films

This paper reports the result of an investigation into the effect of electric and mechanical loads on the morphological evolution of a void in piezoelectric materials based on a model for the morphological evolution of a void, the thermodynamics potential and energy principle. Thus, the path and the bifurcation condition of the morphological evolution of the void in piezoelectric materials are described, which gives some insight into the reliability of piezoelectric films under electric and mechanical loads.     

波后慢放能过程对钝感炸药爆轰过程的影响

采用唯象反应率模型与慢放能函数相结合方法,研究钝感炸药波后缓慢放能过程对爆轰过程的影响,计算结果与实验对比分析表明,慢放能反应率模型可更好地描述钝感炸药的爆轰物理过程.     

爆炸复合1Cr13Mo/45钢连铸辊工艺

鉴于目前连铸辊制造工艺存在的不足,以爆炸复合法制造1Cr13Mo/45钢复合轧辊,并以爆炸复合工艺为研究对象,采用超声波探伤和金相观察等方法,研究药厚和间隙大小对复合界面波形的影响.结果表明:药厚一定的情况下,间隙对复合轧辊界面波形的影响较大;而在间隙一定的情况下,药厚对复合轧辊界面波形的影响不明显.通过实验,获得了该...     

层内爆炸压裂岩石破碎颗粒尺寸的预测模型

借鉴爆破工程经验,结合层内爆炸压裂实际,应用能量守恒原理,将液体炸药爆炸形成的冲击波能 量分为岩石破碎的表面能和岩石内部的应变能,结合岩石断裂理论建立了粉碎区内岩石破碎粒径的预测模 型。实例计算层内爆炸压裂形成的岩石颗粒直径为1.43mm。计算结果表明:液体炸药层内爆炸后形成的 岩石破碎颗粒与石油工业中水力压裂使用的支撑剂粒径相当,能够支撑形成具有一定导流能力的裂缝。