爆炸载荷作用下地下拱形结构动态分析

应用有限元方法分析了爆炸载荷作用下地下拱形结构与土介质的动力相互作用问题。结构与介质均假定为弹塑性，并用Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则描述，且考虑其几何非线性的影响。使用了人为阻尼边界，并使计算模型的几何尺寸满足限制性条件，从而大大提高了计算精度。还对几种解进行了比较，对影响结构应力场的因素也进行了讨论。     

考虑事故风险损失的爆炸物品经济订货批量模型研究

爆炸物品在储存过程中存在发生爆炸事故,从而给人类和环境带来伤害的可能,因此在对爆炸物品进行采购决策时必需考虑由此带来的风险损失.在给出爆炸物品事故风险损失度量方法的基础上,建立了爆炸物品的经济订货批量模型,证明了模型存在唯一最优解,并给出了模型的求解步骤,为相关企业合理制定采购决策提供了理论依据.数字算例分析了事故概率、赔偿标准、单位库存费、单次采购费对最优批量的影响,比较了考虑事故风险损失与否时的最优批量,结果表明,当事故概率或赔偿标准较高时,两者对应的最优批量差异明显.这也说明,当事故概率或赔偿标准达到一定程度时,考虑事故风险损失是十分必要的.     

Thermoelasticity of bodies with microstructure and microtemperatures

This paper is concerned with a linear theory of thermodynamics for elastic materials with microstructure, whose microelements possess microtemperatures. It is shown that there exists the coupling of microrotation vector field with the microtemperatures even for isotropic bodies. Uniqueness and continuous dependence results are presented. The theory is used to establish the solution corresponding to a concentrated heat source acting in an unbounded continuum.     

Energy release rates in a constrained epoxy disc with Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin materials

Assuming that the disc material can be modeled either as Mooney–Rivlin or as Hookean and the steel ring enclosing the disc as Hookean, the energy release rates as a function of the crack length are evaluated and compared. Two loadings are considered––one in which the surface of the star shape hole in the disc is loaded by a uniform pressure and the other in which the temperature of the composite body is uniformly raised. It is found that the linear and the nonlinear analyses give qualitatively similar results for the two loadings. For each load, the energy release rate increases with an increase in the starter crack length, reaches a maximum value and then decreases gradually.     

落锤试验中炸药样品表面能的多重分形性质

从能量守恒和质量守恒出发结合炸药样品在受冲击压缩时的分形性质，证明在样品周边的表面能具有多重分形的结构。     

爆炸成型弹丸贯穿混凝土的实验研究

介绍几种聚能装药对混凝土层的破坏效果，并对聚能装药的结构设计与破坏效果的相互关系进行了分析与讨论。文中重点对截卵形药型罩、亚半球变壁厚药型罩、双功能药型罩的装药结构、破甲能力及目标结构特性进行了研究。     

双金属爆炸焊接上限

本文根据热传导理论给出了爆炸焊接时双金属结合区附近的温度场解析解。并利用该解初步研究了双金属的爆炸焊接上限。     

爆炸应力波作用下裂纹与孔洞的动态焦散线分析

将高速摄影技术与动态焦散线方法相结合，研究了爆炸应力波对裂纹、空孔的作用历史，记录了环绕它们的动态焦散斑图，给出了爆炸应力场中裂纹尖端复合应力强度因子的时间依赖关系以及空孔周围应力场分布的瞬态变化过程，为固体介质的爆破机理研究提供了新方法。     

碰撞角对爆炸复合材料界面状态的影响

复合材料界面状态是衡量复合质量优劣的主要评定因素之一,焊接参数和界面状态之间存在着紧密的联系。为了获得理想的复合质量,必须正确选择爆炸焊接参数。本文在实验的基础上,通过理论研究和数值计算,探讨了爆炸复合的力学模型及物理机制,验证了碰撞角对再入射流的质量(或再入射流的厚度)和爆炸复合材料界面状态存在的影响,得出了波形的变化趋势与碰撞角的变化趋势相一致的结论,同时确立了波形参数和碰撞角的半定量表达式,拓展和深化了爆炸复合的研究领域,丰富和发展了爆炸复合的成波机理,从而能够更好地指导工程应用,减少工程损耗,提高复合质量和工作效率。     

Generalized sensitivity and probabilistic analysis of buckling loads of structures

The imperfection sensitivity law by Koiter played a pivotal role in the early stage of research on initial post-buckling behaviors of structures, but seems somewhat overshadowed by numerical approaches in the computer age. In this paper, to make this law consistent with practical application, the law is extended to implement the influence of a number of imperfections, and the second-order (minor) imperfections are considered, in addition to the first-order (major) imperfections considered in the Koiter law. Explicit formulas are presented to be readily applicable to the numerical evaluation of imperfection sensitivity. A procedure to describe the probabilistic variation of critical loads is presented for the case where initial imperfections of structures are subject to a multivariate normal distribution; the formula for the probability density function of critical loads is derived by considering up to the second-order imperfections. The validity and usefulness of the present procedure are demonstrated through the application to truss structures.