分散体系级配数据形成过程及其教育教学意义

通过对粉体物料级配分析中沉降法实验的数据形成过程的解析,探索了级配分析的不同实验技术之间偏差的来源,理论知识在实践中的应用,以及科学的实验教学方式在人才培养中不可替代的功能和作用.     

深埋排水盾构隧道接头铸铁件力学性能试验

为研究适用于深埋排水盾构隧道的高刚性管片接头铸铁件,对2种型式的高刚性盾构管片接头开展了正弯矩试验,分析了不同型式铸铁件的力学性能及高刚性接头的破坏模式.研究表明,高刚性接头在正弯矩承载时的破坏模式与大偏压受力截面类似,首先螺栓或铸铁件屈服,随后受压区混凝土压碎、接头破坏.若接头铸铁件刚度充足,接头破坏时铸铁件无变形、螺栓屈服,接头承载力较高,且铸铁件锚筋全部受拉,锚筋的锚固作用得以充分发挥;若接头铸铁件刚度不足,接头破坏时铸铁件变形5mm、螺栓未屈服,接头承载力较低,且铸铁件锚筋部分受拉、部分受压,锚筋的锚固作用未能充分发挥.     

基于漏磁检测的桥梁拉索断丝识别

为实现桥梁拉索漏磁(MFL)检测中低信噪比(SNR)时的断丝识别,提出了基于有效短时互相关(STCC)的损伤识别方法.对拉索进行重复测试并提取对应的信号片段进行互相关分析,通过重新归一化,在短时互相关序列中融入短时能量特征,再结合双阈值法进行断丝识别.制作了含有多种断丝损伤的足尺拉索模型进行漏磁检测试验,基于试验结果验证所提出的方法.结果表明:该方法的损伤判别精度比既有方法提高了15.7%～16.9%,在低信噪比下仍取得了较高的损伤识别精度.     

叙述性偏好法实验的有效样本量模型框架

叙述性偏好法(SP)是一种通过实验设计研究人们偏好的方法,通常结合离散选择模型估计参数.针对SP实验设计缺乏足以得到准确参数估计的有效样本量的问题,提出一个易于操作、更加全面的SP实验有效样本量估计方法框架,实现通过一个线性模型来估计实验所需的有效样本量.应用该框架开展实证研究,发现要素的数量、要素水平的数量、参数的尺度、样本量以及实验设计策略都对参数的准确性产生显著的影响,得到3种设计策略下的有效样本量估计模型.以此为基础,提出SP实验设计的实践原则.     

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固土体的注浆方法

为了探讨微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)在实际工程中的应用方法,尝试注浆管MICP加固土体,即在土体中插入不同分布密度注浆孔的注浆管,将菌液和胶结液通过注浆管注入土体中,从而形成加固体,并通过对比试验,研究注浆管MICP的加固效果。试验结果表明,经过注浆管MICP处理,能形成完整的且强度较高的固化砂柱,并且固化砂柱的强度比较均匀。     

高校科研团队创新氛围影响创新绩效的机制

选取河南省五所地方高校的52个科研团队进行问卷调查,从知识共享的角度,探索创新氛围影响高校科研团队创新绩效的内在机制。结果表明:团队创新氛围既直接影响团队创新绩效,又通过知识共享间接影响团队创新绩效,因而,知识共享在团队创新氛围影响团队创新绩效的过程中发挥了部分中介效用。本研究的发现,为高校管理部门提高高校科研团队的创新绩效提供了可供参考的干预路径和策略建议。     

Teachers attending to student reasoning: Do beliefs matter?

We present the results of a quasi-experimental study of pre-service elementary teachers' learning to recognize students' mathematical reasoning from classroom videos. Researchers examined the nature of participants’ beliefs regarding mathematics education. We found that pre-service elementary teachers whose beliefs were consistent with NCTM Process Standards (NCTM, 2000), or that transitioned in the direction of consistency with the Standards, regarding the teaching and learning of mathematics, were more successful in recognizing students' reasoning than those whose beliefs were generally inconsistent. Predictive Analytics and Generalized Linear Regression modeling were used to quantify the magnitude of experimental pre-service teachers’ reasoning growth and combined pre/post study assessment reasoning success in contrast to that of the comparison groups. The resulting model explained nearly 90% of the variability in success on the reasoning assessment, showing that beliefs do indeed matter for recognition of reasoning.     

基于智能手机和Matlab的居家悬滴法表面张力测量实验

本文基于智能手机和Matlab软件设计了一种居家环境下可实现的悬滴法水滴表面张力测量实验.借助智能手机拍照功能获得水滴图像,利用Matlab进行边缘检测及计算,从而得出表面张力系数.对于不同清晰度的情况提出了对应的分析和处理方法,实验结果表明该方法稳定可靠.为后疫情时代开展居家大学物理实验教学提供了一个典型案例.     

地圈动力学的THMCB多元关联过程及其分析

地圈中广泛发育的动力学过程属于多元关联过程,它们是在岩土圈与水圈、大气圈、生物圈相互作用中进行的。它们的活动可以概括为热力学、流体力学、固体力学、化学和生物学等基本物质运动的作用及系统的演化。由于它们之间有着互动影响和制约,以及由此引发的能量的转换和参数的变异,因而密切相关。本文建议确立THMCB多元关联过程的概念,开展多元关联过程的研究和分析,以期对地圈动力学过程进行系统有效的综合评价和预测。     

Ultrasonic devulcanization of waste rubbers: Experimentation and modeling

Continuous ultrasonic devulcanization of ground tire rubber (GRT) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is considered. Experiments are performed under various processing conditions. Two recipes of SBR with different amounts of polysulfidic linkages are utilized. Gel fraction and crosslink density of devulcanized rubbers are measured and a unique relationship between them is established. Die characteristics with and without imposition of ultrasonic waves are determined. Devulcanized samples are revulcanized and mechanical properties are measured. In some cases, properties of revulcanized SBR samples exceeded those of virgin vulcanizates. This is explained based on the presence of a double network in the revulcanized rubber. A modification of acoustic cavitation and flow modeling of ultrasonic devulcanization of SBR and GRT is proposed using a concept of effective viscosity characterizing the flow of vulcanized particles before devulcanization combined with a shear rate, temperature and gel fraction-dependent viscosity of devulcanized rubber. Velocity, shear rate, pressure, and temperature field along with gel fraction, crosslink density and number of bonds broken are simulated. Predicted data on gel fraction, crosslink density, and pressure using the present modification of the model are found to be closer to experimental data then previously reported.Dedicated to the memory of Professor Tasos C. Papanastasiou