Anisotropic compressive behavior of rigid PVC foam at strain rates up to 200 s−1

The elevated strain rate compressive response of closed-cell polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam at various densities is investigated. Two loading directions, (i.e., parallel and perpendicular to foam rise direction) were considered to investigate structural anisotropy. The elevated strain rates tests (up to 200 s⁻¹) were performed using a customized drop tower device. Engineering stress/strain behavior, energy dissipation, and maximum stress capacity were obtained for each density and compared against each other. Except for the lowest density of 45 kg/m³, strain rate effects were clearly observed through increased compressive strength and plateau stress when loading in the foam rise direction. The strain rate effect is more evident at higher densities. However, no significant strain rate effect was observed when loading perpendicular to the foam rise direction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that plastic hinges are the primary deformation mechanism for PVC foam cells. An analytical model has been calibrated using the experimental results and successfully predicted the mechanical response of the foam. Shape anisotropy has been measured employing the SEM images. The analytical approach was also able to predict the foam's anisotropic mechanical response.     

基于真假设比例广义推断的多重检验方法

研究了多重假设检验方法的改进问题,基于真假设所占比例的广义推断,利用其广义置信上限对现有的多重假设检验方法进行改进.该方法更好地利用了水平,在功效上有很大提升.采用广义推断方法,即使在假设个数比较小时,也能对真假设所占比例做出较好推断.模拟结果表明,该方法显著提高了传统方法的功效.     

PLC程序测试与验证的研究进展

可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)是一种在工业领域应用非常广泛的控制装置。随着PLC程序的规模和复杂性不断增加,PLC程序测试与验证已成为一个具有挑战性的问题。该文分析了PLC程序测试与验证的困难。从验证与测试两个方面,分别介绍了该问题的研究现状。对于每一个方法,分别论述了其基本思路、优势与不足。最后,根据当前研究的现状,展望了PLC程序测试与验证技术未来的发展。综合分析来看,PLC程序测试与验证的现有方法都存在比较明显的局限性,有待深入研究。未来可能的新方向包括结构化测试以及不同测试方法的融合等。     

常用的基于数据流的测试充分性准则

软件测试所有技术活动的基础,在于测试用例的设计、选择以及评价。如何设计充分的测试集一直是测试人员面对的一个难题。控制流、数据流是分析程序结构的2个主要手段。该文综合介绍了几种在软件单元测试中常用的基于数据流的测试充分性评价准则,如c-use覆盖、p-use覆盖、all-use覆盖、k-dr链覆盖、上下文覆盖等。这些准则适用于用过程式语言、面向对象语言编写的程序。测试人员可用这些准则判断究竟测了多少代码还有多少代码未测到。     

Effect of Interventions for Improving Lumbar Motor Control on Low Back Pain in Sedentary Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: To clarify the effect of intervention with dynamic motor control exercise (DMCE) for the lumbar region on low back pain in sedentary office workers (SOWs). Methods: The participants comprised 32 SOWs with low back pain who were randomly categorized into two groups: the DMCE group and the normal trunk exercise (NTE) group. Both groups performed each exercise for three days per week for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were evaluated for the lumbar and hip flexion angles during trunk forward bending, effect of low back pain on activities of daily living (using the Oswestry Disability Index), and intensity of low back pain (using the Visual Analog Scale) pre- and post-intervention. The extent of changes was calculated by subtracting the pre-intervention value from the post-intervention value and was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. Results: The extent of changes in the lumbar flexion and hip flexion angles at 10° of trunk forward bending were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group, and no significant differences were noted between the two groups at other angles of trunk forward bending. The extent of changes in the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group. Conclusion: DMCE is effective in improving motor control in the lumbar region and hip joints, thereby ameliorating low back pain in SOWs.     

大学生体育锻炼与心理健康关系的研究

通过问卷调查了解到,大学生体育锻炼习惯、兴趣与心理健康水平呈显著性关系,体育锻炼的形式对心理健康水平有着重要的影响,体育锻炼类型也对大学生心理健康水平有一定的影响,体育锻炼与心理健康存在着明显的互动关系.     

摔跤训练对人体无氧工作能力的影响

对30名专业摔跤运动员进行Wingate无氧实验.为探讨摔跤训练对人体无氧工作能力的影响,结果表明,摔跤训练可提高人体无氧功率能力,加快运动启动速度;用Wingate无氧实验评价时,前10 s无氧功率值的高低比其递增的幅度,更能反映摔跤训练效果;30 s Wingate无氧实验主要反映出摔跤训练对人体无氧功率的影响,而对无氧能力的评价不明显;Wingate无氧实验对评定摔跤训练效果和水平更具有指导意义.     

基于Petri网的协议测试例自动生成

Petri网支持下的协议一致性测试是协议工程研究中的重要课题.Petri不能很好地支持一致性测试集的自动生成.针对这一问题,分析了对基本Petri网扩展的必要性,提出了一种新的用于支持协议测试的扩展的高级Petri网,揭示了其静态结构和动态行为,并提出了该Petri网到测试描述语言TTCN-3的转换规则.开发了原型系统,并应用于实际的协议一致性测试工作.     

近红外快速水份检测技术的应用

近红外检测技术是目前发展最快和最具有前景的分析技术之一,简要介绍了近红外检测技术的发展、优点和原理.利用该技术设计了豆类产品的水份检测仪器.并对近红外技术在水果、蔬菜、奶制品、制药和化工等方面的应用前景做了展望.     

有限自动机积的初(末)态试验序列、UIO序列和同步序列

主要对积运算后有限自动机的初(末)态试验序列、U IO序列和同步序列进行了讨论,给出了积运算后的有限自动机与积运算前有限自动机的初(末)态试验序列、U IO序列和同步序列的联系,并给出了极小有限自动机的初态试验序列与U IO序列间的联系。