Effect of Interventions for Improving Lumbar Motor Control on Low Back Pain in Sedentary Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: To clarify the effect of intervention with dynamic motor control exercise (DMCE) for the lumbar region on low back pain in sedentary office workers (SOWs). Methods: The participants comprised 32 SOWs with low back pain who were randomly categorized into two groups: the DMCE group and the normal trunk exercise (NTE) group. Both groups performed each exercise for three days per week for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were evaluated for the lumbar and hip flexion angles during trunk forward bending, effect of low back pain on activities of daily living (using the Oswestry Disability Index), and intensity of low back pain (using the Visual Analog Scale) pre- and post-intervention. The extent of changes was calculated by subtracting the pre-intervention value from the post-intervention value and was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. Results: The extent of changes in the lumbar flexion and hip flexion angles at 10° of trunk forward bending were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group, and no significant differences were noted between the two groups at other angles of trunk forward bending. The extent of changes in the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group. Conclusion: DMCE is effective in improving motor control in the lumbar region and hip joints, thereby ameliorating low back pain in SOWs.     

Size effects on tensile and fatigue behaviour of polycrystalline metal foils at the micrometer scale

Tensile and fatigue properties of as-rolled and annealed polycrystalline Cu foils with different thicknesses at the micrometer scale were investigated. Uniaxial tensile testing results showed that with decreasing foil thickness the uniform elongation decreases for both as-rolled and annealed foils, whereas the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase for as-rolled foils, but decrease for the annealed foils. For both the as-rolled or annealed foils, bending fatigue resistance decreases with decreasing the foil thickness. Deformation and fatigue damage behaviour of the free-standing foils were characterised as a function of foil thickness. In addition, the fatigue strength of various small-scale Cu foils was compared to understand the physical mechanisms of size effects on mechanical properties of the metallic material at micrometer scales.     

The effect of the location of stage-I fatigue crack across the persistent slip band on its growth rate – A 3D dislocation dynamics study

Abstract

A 3D dislocation dynamics study to ascertain the probable path of stage-I fatigue crack propagation across the persistent slip band (PSB) in austenitic stainless steel is presented. Cyclic plasticity and the resulting crack tip slip displacement (CTSD) are evaluated for cracks of varying length introduced at PSB-center and at two PSB-matrix interfaces. CTSD attains high value at either of the two interfaces irrespective of the proximity of crack front to the grain boundary. Further, a difference in microcrack propagation rate is also observed among the two interfaces. The present results assert microcrack propagation preferrentially along one of the two PSB-matrix interfaces rather than at the PSB-center. A pre-existing PSB dislocation structure localises the cyclic slip for crack lengths up to approximately half of the grain depth for an applied strain range of 2 × 10^?4.     

用概率断裂力学方法预测管状接头的疲劳寿命

本文研究了Ｔ型管状接头在面内和面外弯曲循环载荷作用下的疲劳强度问题，通过将材料常数和初始裂纹尺寸作为随机变量，采用ＭｏｎＣａｒｌｏ模拟方法对疲劳寿命进行了统计分析．同时，对计算结果进行了线性回归，并与实验结果作了比较。     

自动检测da/dN的微机系统

研制了一种da/dN自动检测系统;介绍了其工作原理和裂纹长度a及循环数N的采集方法;与传统的目测法做了对比;显示了该系统的优越性。     

强激光冲击铝合金改性处理研究

利用新型聚偏1.1-二氟乙烯（PVDF）压电传感器,实现了对激光引发的冲击波压力的实时测量,得到激光引发的冲击波峰压在铝中成指数型的衰减规律;观测了不同约束层材料在铝靶表面产生的激光冲击波,研究了不同约束层对冲击效果的影响;最后用激光冲击强化装置对7050-T7451航空铝合金结构材料进行了冲击强化处理,对试件激光冲击区存在的残余压应力及位错密度进行了测量。结果显示经激光冲击处理的试件表面具有极高的残余压应力,可达-200MPa以上。激光冲击处理后铝合金的位错密度得到显著的提高,疲劳寿命提高到175％～428％。这些重要结果对激光冲击改性处理技术的实际应用具有指导性作用。     

不同波长蓝光LED对人体光生物节律效应的影响

以30名视力正常的学生为研究对象,采用剂量作业法、生理参数法和疲劳评价法研究了人体在峰值波长分别为468,457,453 nm的蓝光LED照明下的光生物节律效应。结果表明:在剂量作业法中,蓝光LED对错误率、工作速度和脑力工作指数的影响均为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm;在生理参数法中,468 nm蓝光LED对脉搏的变化影响最大,对收缩/舒张压的影响不明显;在疲劳评价法中,蓝光LED对人体舒适度的影响为453 nm<457 nm<468 nm。综上所述,在3种峰值波长蓝光中,468 nm的蓝光对人体光生物节律影响最大。     

Objective measures of voice production in patients complaining of laryngeal fatigue

The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe results of acoustic, aerodynamic, and videostroboscopic measures in patients complaining of laryngeal fatigue. Data were collected from 88 patients whose primary complaint was chronic laryngeal fatigue in the absence of visible laryngeal pathologies. The results revealed an abnormally high airflow rate and decreased maximum phonation time. An anterior glottal chink, anterior and posterior glottal chinks, or spindle-shaped glottal closure were found in 61% of the subjects.     

二代高温超导带材的机械特性研究进展

以 YBCO(YBa2Cu3 O7 -δ ) 为代表的二代高温超导带材因具有高临界转变温度、 高临界磁场和强载流能力,受到了国际学界高度关注, 在各个领域具有广泛的应用前景. 二代高温超导带材在绕制、 冷却和运行过程中会受到不同来源的外力作用, 且超导带材的韧性、 延展性较差, 因此其机械性能是影响安全性与设备运行可靠性的关键.本文基于二代超导带材各向异性的特点, 对超导带材轴向、 横向、 弯曲三个方向的静态机械性能及疲劳性能进行了介绍. 同时, 也对超导带材各方向机械性能的测试方法、 影响因素及机理进行了总结     

基于模糊PID的海洋立管疲劳试验装置控制系统设计

海洋立管作为海洋油气开发的关键设备,在运行期间面临疲劳失效的风险,需要对立管进行疲劳试验。针对海洋立管共振弯曲疲劳试验法,提出基于 S7-300 PLC实现海洋立管共振弯曲疲劳试验装置控制系统的设计思想。采用黄金分割法,寻找确定试件共振频率点;同时,为保障系统能够在该共振频率点稳定运行,采用S7-300 PLC作为核心控制器,结合参数自调节模糊PID控制算法,设计完成疲劳试验装置中转速模糊PID控制器,实现对系统转速的精确控制,使得海洋立管疲劳试验装置控制系统在具有PLC控制灵活、可靠性高等特点的同时,大大提高了其自动化程度。