Discrete, Amorphous Physical Models

Discrete models of physical phenomena are an attractive alternative to continuous models such as partial differential equations. In discrete models, such as cellular automata, space is treated as having finitely many locations per unit volume, and physical processes are modelled by rules that depend on a small number of nearby locations. Such models depend critically on a regular (crystalline) lattice, as well as the global synchronization of all sites. We should ask, on the grounds of minimalism, whether the global synchronization and crystalline lattice are inherent in any discrete formulation. Is it possible to do without these conditions and still have a useful physical model? Or are they somehow fundamental? We will answer this question by presenting a class of models that are “extremely local” in the sense that the update rule does not depend on synchronization with the other sites, or on knowledge of the lattice geometry. All interactions involve only a single pair of sites. The models have the further advantage that they exactly conserved the analog of quantities such as momentum and energy which are conserved in physics. An example model of waves is given, and evidence is given that it agrees well qualitatively and quantitatively with continuous differential equations.     

Asynchronous and corrected-asynchronous finite difference solutions of PDEs on MIMD multiprocessors

A major problem in achieving significant speed-up on parallel machines is the overhead involved with synchronizing the concurrent processes. Removing the synchronization constraint has the potential of speeding up the computation, while maintaining greater computation flexibility (e.g. differences in processors speed; differences in the data input to processors). We construct asynchronous (AS) finite difference schemes for the solution of PDEs by removing the synchronization constraint. We analyze the numerical properties of these schemes. Based on the analysis, we develop corrected-asynchronous (CA) finite difference schemes which are specifically constructed for an asynchronous processing. We present asynchronous (AS) and corrected-asynchronous (CA) finite difference schemes for the multi-dimensional heat equation. Although our discussion concentrates on the Euler scheme it should serve only as a sample, as it can be extended to other schemes and other PDEs.These schemes are implemented on the shared-memory multi-userSequent Balance machine. Numerical results for one and two dimensional problems are presented. It is shown experimentally that synchronization penalty can be about 50% of run time: in most cases, the asynchronous scheme runs twice as fast as the parallel synchronous scheme. In general, the efficiency of the parallel schemes increases with processor load, with the time-level, and with the problem dimension. The efficiency of the AS may reach 90% and over, but it provides accurate results only for steady-state values. The CA, on the other hand, is less efficient but provides more accurate results for intermediate (non steady-state) values. The results show the potential of developing asynchronous finite deference schemes for steady-state as well as non steadystate problems.This research was partially supported by a grant from The Basic Research Foundation administrated by The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.A reduced version of the paper was presented at the 4th SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing, Dec. 11–13, 1989, Chicago, USA.The work by this author was supported by research grant 337 of the Israeli National Council for Research and Development in the years 1990–1991.This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Contract No. NASI-18107 while the author was in residence at the Institute for Computer Applications in Sciences and Engineering (ICASE), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA.     

植物体细胞胚发生的同步控制──Ⅰ枸杞细胞悬浮培养系的建立

以枸杞幼茎和叶片为外植体，诱导出胚性愈伤组织。经振荡悬浮培养、过筛、分离得到单细胞和细胞聚集体悬浮液；适当降低大量元素浓度有利于细胞生长。生长曲线表明，悬浮培养第５天和第８天的细胞曲线较平缓且生长良好，可用于体细胞胚的同步化控制研究。     

基于DSP的矿井远视频监控系统

国内外现有的远程监控系统多基于光纤,而光纤如遇到机械冲击、碰撞造成断缆或断芯后,很难快速修复,且修复设备复杂.针对这一个问题,价格相对便宜、维护十分简单的极低比特率双绞线成为解决的方案.以TI低成本DSP芯片F206为例,介绍了一种基于这一芯片的极低码率双绞线视频图像监控系统,给出了整体方案,并就系统实现的一些关键点进行了详细解析.图5,参5.     

随机性参数自适应的混沌同步

对两个不同参数的混沌系统进行随机性参数自适应控制，选取合适的控制律和反馈系数，导致其同步.以Henon映射为例进行数值模拟，结果表明，由于控制周期和反馈系数的随机变化，具有一定的实用意义. 关键词： Henon映射 混沌同步 随机性自适应控制     

克服扰动的混沌逆控制同步系统

基于自适应逆控制原理,在扰动存在的情况下,对混沌系统的同步问题进行了研究.研究表明本方法能有效地克服干扰对同步所造成的破坏,实现良好的同步效果.最后,利用Arneodo系统进行了仿真.仿真结果证明了所给方法的有效性 关键词： 混沌系统 同步 自适应逆控制 RBF神经网络     

基于分组网络的实时语音自适应同步算法

本首先介绍了多媒体通信中的流同步问题以及影响同步的各种因素，然后提出一种基于播放时间的自适应同步算法并加以推导证明，最后介绍了它在我们设计的语音传输系统中的具体实现。     

Is there a universal scale of time?

The assumption that the same universal scale of time applies for different physical laws depends uponthe hypothesis that there is a unique universal scale of time in the universe. Intrinsic to that hypothesis is the assumption that if extraneous factors that affect physical clocks and processes that run on different physical principles could be removed, all clocks are synchronizable with one another. The consequences of that hypothesis not being true are considered. It was found thatclock asynchrony implies that: (1) a mass variation theory is probable; (2) there is a need for multiple clocks; and (3) t in the equations of physics is referring to clocks rather than time such that the properties of time are reduced to its direction (as characterized by thermodynamics and cosmology).     

具有不同耦合强度且带有时滞的振子网络上的同步

本文研究了具有不同耦合强度且带有时滞的振子网络上的同步问题．我们给出了该网络同步状态的稳定性准则，证实了其同步状态的稳定性与网络的拓扑性无关．最后，通过数值模拟验证了我们的理论结果．