利用拖线阵运动特性的阵形估计方法

有效估计阵形是提高机动条件下拖线阵声呐探测性能的关键,流体力学类阵形估计方法稳定性和可靠性欠佳,导致其难以应用于工程实际,该文针对此问题提出一种基于拖线阵运动特性的阵形估计方法。利用稳态振荡响应公式计算拖船回转机动时拖线阵稳态阵形特性,将转向机动过程中阵上各点运动状态划分为若干阶段,进而依据偏微分方程特征线理论计算各阶段的分界时刻,探究阵上相邻两点的沿阵切线方向差变化规律,最后通过计算当前阵上各点的沿阵方向实现阵形估计。计算机仿真和海上实验数据验证表明算法可行且有效,与传统的流体力学类阵形估计方法相比具有更高的稳定性和更好的工程应用前景。     

Precise orbit determination of a maneuvered GEO satellite using CAPS ranging data

Wheel-off-loadings and orbital maneuvers of the GEO satellite result in additional accelerations to the satellite itself. Complex and difficult to model, these time varying accelerations are an important error source of precise orbit determination (POD). In most POD practices, only non-maneuver orbital arcs are treated. However, for some applications such as satellite navigation RDSS services, uninterrupted orbital ephemeris is demanded, requiring the development of POD strategies to be processed both during and after an orbital maneuver. We in this paper study the POD for a maneuvered GEO satellite, using high precision and high sampling rate ranging data obtained with Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). The strategy of long arc POD including maneuver arcs is studied by using telemetry data to model the maneuver thrust process. Combining the thrust and other orbital perturbations, a long arc of 6 days’ CAPS ranging data is analyzed. If the telemetry data are not available or contain significant errors, attempts are made to estimate thrusting parameters using CAPS ranging data in the POD as an alternative to properly account for the maneuver. Two strategies achieve reasonably good data fitting level in the tested arc with the maximal position difference being about 20 m. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10703011) and the Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China (Grant No. 06DZ22101)     

叹气法肺复张对急性肺损伤疗效的研究

采用PCV(压力控制)模式,在吸气压力≤30 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)的条件下,使潮气量为6～8 mL/kg,对2006年11月至2008年11月河北省人民医院重症监护治疗病房收治的20例ALI(急性肺损伤)患者实施叹气法肺复张治疗,观察叹气法肺复张对ALI的疗效及对血流动力学的影响,为在临床使用叹气法肺复张提供依据。结果表明,持续的叹气能明显改善ALI患者的氧合状态及胸肺顺应性,同时安全易行,对血流动力学干扰较小。     

军用飞机斤斗类飞行轨迹最优化方法

针对军用飞机斤斗类飞行过程,以半滚倒转和半斤斗翻转为例,建立机动飞行计算模型。根据最小机动速度设置改出速度约束条件,将斤斗类机动平均分段,利用神经网络的拟合功能,得到动作改出速度和操纵条件之间的非线性关系。利用遗传算法的全局寻优功能,结合神经网络得到的权重和偏置结果,探索机动过程中边界飞行性能最大的法向过载选取方法。仿真结果表明,与相关手册中给出的常规操纵方法相比,利用遗传算法优化后得到的过载控制规律飞行,可以使飞机具有更大的高度-速度范围,同时,比直接将遗传算法和数值积分相结合具有更快的计算速度。提出的方法也可以用于其他机型斤斗类飞行轨迹的最优化设计中。研究结果具有一定的实用价值。     

XNAV/UVNAV/SINS组合导航在航天器轨道机动中的应用

针对X射线脉冲星导航在航天器轨道机动过程中精度不高甚至发散的问题,提出一种将X射线脉冲星导航结合惯性导航和紫外敏感器的组合导航方法。以航天器在惯性系中的位置、速度、姿态四元数和惯性导航设备误差作为系统状态变量,用X射线探测器测量X射线脉冲到达时间,用紫外敏感器测量中心天体质心相对于航天器的方向矢量和距离以及航天器在惯性系中的姿态四元数,用扩展卡尔曼滤波器估计组合导航系统状态。仿真结果验证了该组合导航方法的可行性,能够解决轨道机动中X射线脉冲星单独导航的误差过大(位置误差达107m)问题,且该组合导航具有较高的导航精度,在轨道机动前、机动中和机动后导航位置误差均在100 m以内。     

简化超球体SRUKF的GPS/MIMU组合姿态估计

针对加速度计、磁强计易受机动加速度和周围环境影响的问题,提出了一种单基线GPS/MIMU组合姿态估计方法。该方法利用单基线GPS天线代替磁强计提供航向信息,并利用GPS的速度信息对加速度计输出的机动加速度分量进行补偿,构成单基线GPS/MIMU组合姿态确定单元。同时考虑实时性要求,在SRUKF的基础上,引入加性非扩展形式和超球体单形采样,提出了简化超球体平方根UKF算法,通过减少状态维数和采样点的数量,降低算法计算量。建立加性噪声下的单基线GPS/MIMU姿态模型,并采用简化超球体平方根UKF算法进行姿态估计。实验结果表明,单基线GPS的速度信息可以有效提高加速度计对水平倾角的确定精度,姿态估计算法收敛后的最大误差小于0.8°,估计精度与UKF相当,且执行时间仅是UKF的42%。     

基于专用道与编队策略的货车队列最短配送距离研究

货车编队运输作为共同配送的一种新形式,可以有效地减少能耗,达到降低运营成本的目的。根据车辆实际运行情况,多个配送车辆有不同的出发点和相同的目的地,需要在路段上完成编队过程。以VISSIM作为仿真工具,结合C#编程与COM服务,构建了货车专用道与编队策略实施实验平台,提出了货车队列能耗与最小配送距离计算方法。通过不同车辆数的编队试验发现,最小配送距离随编队车辆数的增加而增加;但当车辆数小于4时,最小配送距离基本相同。     

拦截蛇形机动目标考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的最优制导律

针对目标蛇形机动及导弹自动驾驶仪动态特性对制导精度的不利影响,基于二维制导模型,推导了拦截蛇形机动目标考虑精确自动驾驶仪动态特性最优数值制导律. 设计了蛇形机动目标特性卡尔曼滤波器,分析了该最优数值制导律的具体实现方法. 仿真结果表明,卡尔曼滤波器对蛇形机动目标跟踪性能良好;采用蒙特卡洛仿真技术,证实了该最优数值制导律比已有拦截蛇形机动目标最优制导律制导性能高,能有效降低目标蛇形机动及自动驾驶仪动态特性造成的不利影响.      

BTT导弹基于扩张状态观测器的滑模控制律设计

针对BTT导弹非线性动力学模型中的参数不确定性及系统存在未知外部干扰的问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的滑模控制设计方法;将系统参数不确定性和未知外界干扰作为系统的复合干扰,采用扩张状态观测器估计系统的复合干扰,并实时补偿;利用Lyapunov方法证明系统的稳定性;该控制器算法简单、计算量小,更易于实际工程应用;仿真结果表明,设计的控制器对导弹控制系统受到的复合干扰具有较强的鲁棒性和稳定性,满足导弹姿态快速机动和高稳定度的控制要求,性能指标明显优于滑模控制器。     

Control of flight forces and moments by flapping wings of model bumblebee

The control of flight forces and moments by flapping wings of a model bumblebee is studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics.Hovering flight is taken as the reference flight:Wing kinematic parameters are varied with respect to their values at hovering flight.Moments about(and forces along)x,y,z axes that pass the center of mass are computed.Changing stroke amplitude(or wingbeat frequency)mainly produces a vertical force.Changing mean stroke angle mainly produces a pitch moment.Changing wing angle of attack,when down-and upstrokes have equal change,mainly produces a vertical force,while when down-and upstrokes have opposite changes,mainly produces a horizontal force and a pitch moment.Changing wing rotation timing,when dorsal and ventral rotations have the same timing,mainly produces a vertical force,while when dorsal and ventral rotations have opposite timings,mainly produces a pitch moment and a horizontal force.Changing rotation duration has very small effect on forces and moments.Anti-symmetrically changing stroke amplitude(or wingbeat frequency)of the contralateral wings mainly produces a roll moment.Anti-symmetrically changing angles of attack of the contralateral wings,when down-and upstrokes have equal change,mainly produces a roll moment,while when down-and upstrokes have opposite changes,mainly produces a yaw moment.Anti-symmetrically changing wing rotation timing of the contralateral wings,when dorsal and ventral rotations have the same timing,mainly produces a roll moment and a side force,while when dorsal and ventral rotations have opposite timings,mainly produces a yaw moment.Vertical force and moments about the three axes can be separately controlled by separate kinematic variables.A very fast rotation can be achieved with moderate changes in wing kinematics.