Determination of aristolochic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis

A simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the determination of aristolochic acid (AA) in dietary supplements and selected herbs is described. A clear separation of AA from other sample constituents was achieved within 5 minutes without any sample clean up. A mixture of 20 mM-morpholinethanesulphonic acid+10 mM-BisTrisPropane+0.2% hydroxyethylcelullose in 10% methanol serves as a background electrolyte. The linearity, accuracy, intra-assay and detection limit of the developed method are 200–6000 ng/mL, 95–103%, 3.5%, and 50 ng/ml, respectively. Ease of use, sufficient sensitivity and low running cost are the most important attributes of the CZE method. The proposed CZE method was compared with HPLC.     

Simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in human plasma by capillary zone electrophoresis

A capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in plasma was developed. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim extracted from human plasma with ethyl acetate were analyzed at 20 kV and 25 degrees C using 15 mm phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) as the electrolyte. The detection was by UV at 220 nm. The run time was 8.0 min and the limit of quantification was 10.00 microg/mL for sulfamethoxazole and 2.00 microg/mL for trimethoprim. The recovery was >99% for both compounds. This method enabled the detection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in plasma of patients after oral ingestion of their combined formulation. The present simple and rapid method is applicable to drug monitoring in immunocompromised patients who are taking the combined formulation of these compounds for the treatment or prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.     

Determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione, by capillary zone electrophoresis, in Brassica juncea plants treated with copper and cadmium

A rapid method of capillary zone electrophoresis is described to determine the oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) form of glutathione in plant tissue. In order to separate both analytes in a fused-silica capillary, the pH and composition of the electrolyte solution were optimized. The electrolyte composition was 100 mmol/L, borate 25 mmol/L Tris, and 0.2% w/v metaphosphoric acid (MPA), pH 8.2. Some instrumental conditions used to run the samples were hydrostatic injection for 30 s, 30 kV applied voltage, and UV detection (185 nm) at 25 degrees C. Linearity and useful range obtained for the calibration curves were optimum, with correlation coefficients about 0.999 in the 0-120 micromol/L range. The migration time was highly reproducible, less than 5 min being afforded to run a sample. Electrolyte buffer and samples required a careful pH control for optimal separation of both analytes. This aspect constitutes a critical analytical step when acids are used in the procedure for sample preparation. Simultaneous analysis of GSH and GSSG may provide a useful tool for comparative studies of plants in order to select those species with a potential capacity for detoxification from toxic elements or those appearing promising from phytoremediation for these elements.     

Adaptive Constrained Control of Unknown Strict Feedback Nonlinear Systems With Dead Zone Input北大核心CSCD

研究了具有死区输入的预设约束未知高阶严格反馈非线性系统的控制问题,提出了一种基于免疫函数的自抗扰预设漏斗约束自适应控制策略。首先,针对系统内部的未知问题,采用免疫函数与扩张状态观测器结合对系统内部未知项进行观测;其次,通过Lyapunov方法与漏斗控制相结合设计控制器,使得跟踪误差能够维持在预先设定的漏斗约束范围内;同时,利用双曲正切函数速率变化快这一特性设计自适应控制律,引入指令滤波器避免反步法中重复求导问题,分析证明了闭环系统所有信号的有界性。仿真实例表明了控制方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of micellar liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis for dope control in sport

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have been evaluated for the analysis of twelve banned drugs in sport including diuretics and -blockers. In MLC, a sodium dodecylsulphate aqueous solution has been used as mobile phase using an octadecylsilica column. In CZE, a pH 8 buffer solution and a silica capillary have been employed. Parameters of retention and efficiency have been compared. Limits of detection with UV detection at 254 nm and relative standard deviations for atenolol, furosemide, nadolol, spironolactone and triamterene were established and compared in both techniques. Examples of direct urine injection into the separation systems are presented. Drugs overlapping in MLC are well resolved in CZE, while the opposite is true for a limited number of drugs. Some interferences from urine may arise in CZE. The selectivity of analysis would be greatly enhanced by using both techniques, which require only filtration as pre-treatment.     

16MnR钢中疲劳裂纹扩展的细观研究

采用显微疲劳试验方法和显微疲劳试验装置对低合金钢１６ＭｎＲ单边缺口试样进行了疲劳试验,研究了短裂纹萌生和扩展的特征。结果表明,短裂纹萌生及扩展分三个阶段,每一阶段的形貌都有其特点,在裂纹扩展后期,短裂纹的发展以裂纹密度不断增加并形成损伤区为主要特征,然后在损伤区选择一条主裂纹扩展。     

篮球比赛中三分远投运用的探讨

通过现场观察、统计和数据的归纳整理,对远投命中率、个人和战术三分球、远投区域、远投时间和远投队员等进行讨论和分析．篮球比赛中,必须加强终场前的远投战术配合训练,提高战术远投,加强弧顶和两侧底角区域的远投,提高组织后卫和中锋的远投能力,提高远投队员的心理训练水平和对抗能力．     

晋江市潮间带底质,生物体中重金属含量及其分布特征

研究福建省晋江市潮间带底质、生物体内重金属含量的分布特征及其主要影响因素．结果表明：表层底质重金属除总Ｈｇ之外,Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ和总Ｃｒ含量在河口、半封闭海湾明显高于紧临台湾海峡的海湾及开敞海区,并且,近年来底质的这些重金属含量大多数呈递增趋势;底质的重金属除总Ｈｇ之外,其他的含量都与底质类型及有机质含量有较好的相关性;３种经济贝类对重金属的富集能力分别为：牡蛎,缢蛏和蛤对Ｃｕ的富集系数分别为ｎ×１０４,ｎ×１０３和ｎ×１０３;３种贝类对Ｐｄ和Ｃｄ的富集系数均为ｎ×１０２．     

水电工程施工中模糊控制自动化寻孔的研究

针对水电工程施工中填炸药和插锚杆作业急需机械化配套的问题,提出了实现自动化作业的构想,重点研究了自动化作业的关键问题－－增孔过程,发区控制策略,在充分分析模糊控制可行性的基础上,提出了实现措施,根据模糊控制规则和专家知识,拟定模糊控制参数,通过多次改进优化,制定成数据查询表、利用ＣＡＤ工具模拟寻孔的动态过程,证明了设想的正确性,为进一步的研制开发奠定了理论基础。     

Determination of aluminum in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

Summary A novel method of separating and detecting trace aluminum by capillary zone electrophoresis is described. Aluminum is reacted with lumogallion [4-chloro-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzen-1-sulphonic acid] so that the complex can be selectively and sensitively detected by a laser-induced fluorescence detector after capillary electrophoretic separation. Using the proposed method, limits of detection in the sub parts per billion range are achieved. The technique is applied to the determination of aluminum in human serum.