Effects of the thermal history and concentration on the aggregation of Erwinia gum in an aqueous solution

The aggregation of Erwinia (E) gum in a 0.2 M NaCl aqueous solution was investigated by multi‐angle laser light scattering and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) combined with light scattering. The GPC chromatograms of five fractions contained two peaks; the fractions had the same elution volume but different peak areas, suggesting that aggregates and single chains coexisted in the solution at 25 °C. The apparent weight‐average molecular weights (M_w) of the aggregates and single chains for each fraction were all about 2.1 × 10⁶ and 7.8 × 10⁴, respectively. This indicates that the aggregates were composed of about 27 molecules of E gum in the concentration range used (1.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁴ g/mL). The weight fraction of the aggregates (w_ag) increased with increasing concentration, but the aggregates still existed even in an extremely dilute solution. The fractionation process and polymer concentration hardly affected the apparent aggregation number but significantly changed w_ag. The E‐gum M_w decreased sharply with an increase in temperature. When the E‐gum solution was kept at 100 °C, w_ag decreased sharply for 20 h and leveled off after 100 h. Once the aggregates were decomposed at a higher temperature, no aggregation was observed in the solution at 25 °C, indicating that the aggregation was irreversible. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1352–1358, 2000     

田菁胶负载钯催化Heck反应的研究

通过较简单的方法合成了田菁胶负载钯化合物,利用XPS、IR、TG、DTA和TEM等手段对其进行了表征.该化合物在空气氛围中就能很好地催化丙烯酸、苯乙烯和丙烯酰胺与芳基碘的Heck反应,高产率(≥85 % )且立体选择性地生成取代的反式肉桂酸、1,2- 二苯乙烯和肉桂酰胺.化合物具有较好的重复使用性能.催化剂中起催化作用的是金属态的钯.     

芬顿试剂对田菁胶的氧化降解

考察了芬顿试剂对田菁胶的氧化降解行为. 系统研究了H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)用量、温度和降解时间对田菁胶粘度的影响. 结果表明,H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)合适的体积比为2:1. 在较低的温度(25 ℃)和较短的时间(20 min)内芬顿试剂就能使田菁胶粘度下降90%以上. 另外,pH值的变化对其降解性能影响不大,显示了较好的降解效果.     

杜仲叶与皮中绿原酸的正交提取对比实验

对四川道地中药材杜仲叶与皮中所含有的一种重要的生物活性物质绿原酸进行提取工艺研究.采用乙醇—水溶液体系作浸提剂,以绿原酸提取率为指标,考察温度、乙醇浓度、料液比、溶剂pH对提取工艺的影响.结果表明,杜仲叶绿原酸的最佳工艺条件为A3B2C3D1,杜仲皮的最佳工艺条件为为A3B1,在此条件下,杜仲叶中绿原酸提取率为3.324%;杜仲皮中绿原酸提取率为0.647%.     

黄原胶在热管生物反应器中传热数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了多种因素对黄原胶水溶液在传统反应器与热管生物反应器中传质与传热状况的影响,通过数值模拟得到了反应器中流动场、温度场和全釜死区分布.结果显示:经典最大叶片式桨及改进最大叶片式桨都具有"双循环"流型结构,在釜内形成了良好的主体循环流动,有利于改善反应器内的传质与传热,验证了热管的使用没有对反应器中的流动场造成严重的影响;而温度场的比较则表明:热管的使用明显提高了反应器的传热性能,使反应器中的整体温度有明显下降.     

黄原胶流变学性质的实验研究

研究了不同浓度黄原胶水溶液的流变学特性,回归了稠度系数K和流变参数n与黄原胶浓度Cp的关系,结果表明：溶液浓度较低时,黄原胶水溶液为牛顿性流体;随着浓度的增加,逐渐转变为假塑性流体．可以分别描述为黄原胶浓度Cp的函数：当0〈Cp≤30g／L时,K=1．128Cp^1.572．当0〈Cp≤8g／L时,n=0．485-0．16lnCp;当8g／L〈Cp≤30g／L时,n=0．075＋0．041lnCp．     

两性离子瓜尔胶及其水溶液的流变特征

采用一步法合成新型两性离子瓜尔胶(ZGG),研究了ZGG水溶液的流变特征,并考察浓度、外加盐等对ZGG水溶液流变性能的影响.结果表明:ZGG水溶液的比浓黏度随浓度的增加而增加;在一定浓度的盐溶液中,ZGG表现出明显的反聚电解质溶液的黏性行为;ZGG水溶液呈假塑性流体特征,具有剪切变稀特性,并具有较强的触变性质.     

Mechanical Properties and Flow Behavior of Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery

The mechanical properties and flow behavior in porous media of three different polymer systems including a hydrophobically modified acrylamide-based copolymer (HMSPAM), a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), and a polysaccharide (xanthan gum) were evaluated to establish their functional differentiation as mobility control agents in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The rheological properties of the polymers were described by the power-law model to investigate their non-Newtonian behavior. The first normal stress difference (N₁) and Weissenberg number (W_e) were also used to compare their elastic properties. The experimental results showed that, at comparable shear viscosity, HMSPAM exhibited significant elasticity compared to HPAM and xanthan gum. Shear resistance tests indicated that all of the polymers experienced an extra stress when converging into a capillary tube due to the “entrance effect.” Xanthan gum was the most mechanically stable polymer. Moreover, HMSPAM showed the superior reformability which was quantified by the regained viscosity with relaxation time. This could be explained by the rapid re-association of the hydrophobic interactions. Sandpack flood tests indicated that HMSPAM rendered extremely high mobility control ability during polymer flooding suggesting its potential in EOR. However, this polymer also experienced significant retention within the porous media (potential injectivity and plugging problems), which may be attributed to the formation of bulky associative polymer networks. In this work, UV spectrometry was employed to monitor the concentration of the produced polymer solutions and quantify the polymer retention within porous media. This analytical approach offers great reliability and simplicity. It was concluded that the use of a particular polymer system depends on the oil reservoir conditions and the target EOR application.     

云南楚雄杜仲叶挥发油的化学成分分析

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取云南楚雄杜仲叶挥发油,采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术并结合计算机检索对其挥发油的香气成分进行分析,鉴定出99个成分.用色谱峰面积归一法定量测定了挥发油中各组分的相对百分含量,分别占总峰面积的97.80%.