Effect of diutan microbial polysaccharide on the stability and rheological properties of O/W nanoemulsions formed with a blend of Span20-Tween20

The stability and rheological behavior of oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsions formed with a blend of Span20-Tween20 have been studied with and without diutan microbial polysaccharide. It is found that there exist thresholds for the water content and emulsifier to obtain stable nano-emulsions using the emulsion inversion phase (EIP) method. The viscosity of the nano-emulsion is proportional to the emulsifier content and inversely proportional to the water content. High emulsifier content is not conducive to the thermal stability of the nano-emulsion. The addition of diutan gum with negative charge into the nano-emulsions increases the electrostatic repulsion between droplets and makes the droplet size smaller and more unifom, slowing down the coalescence and Ostwald ripening of the nano-emulsions. Due to the association of the diutan gum double helix, a three-dimensional network structure is formed in the continuous phase of nano-emulsions, which improves the stability of nano-emulsions and is also the main factor giving the nano-emulsion high viscoelasticity at high temperature. This study offers new insight into the nano-emulsion containing microbial polysaccharide and may serve as a guideline for practical applications of new nano-emulsion systems.     

Xanthan gum production from cassava bagasse hydrolysate with Xanthomonas campestris using alternative sources of nitrogen

Cassava bagasse was hydrolyzed using HCl and the hydrolysate was used for the production of xanthan gum using a bacterial culture of Xanthomonas campestris. Cassava bagasse hydrolysate with an initial concentration of approx 20 g of glucose/L proved to be the best substrate concentration for xanthan gum production. Among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources tested to supplement the medium—urea, yeast extract, peptone, potassium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate—potassium nitrate was most suitable. Ammonium sulfate was the least effective for xanthan gum production, and it affected sugar utilization by the bacterial culture. In media with an initial sugar concentration of 48.6 and 40.4 g/L, at the end of fermentation about 30 g/L of sugars was unused. Maximum xanthan gum (about 14 g/L) was produced when fermentation was carried out with a medium containing 19.8 g/L of initial reducing sugars supplemented with potassium nitrate and fermented for 72 h, and it remained almost the same until the end of fermentation (i.e., 96 h).     

ASE-UPLC法同时测定杜仲制剂中3种成分

建立ASE-UPLC(快速溶剂萃取仪-超高效液相色谱)法同时测定不同杜仲制剂中京尼平苷酸(GPA)、绿原酸(CA)、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷(PDG)3种指标成分含量的方法.采用70%甲醇水,温度40℃,压力103.4MPa的ASE法提取;色谱柱Acquity UPLCBEHC18(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm);乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)为流动相;流速0.15m L/min;洗脱梯度:0~15min,70%B~90%B;检测波长237nm;柱温20℃.结果显示3种被测成分分别在选定的范围内线性关系良好;精密度、重复性良好,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别均小于3.0%;平均加标回收率在95.84%~102.69%,RSD均小于3.0%.表明所建立的方法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于杜仲制剂中主要成分的含量测定.     

季铵型阳离子田菁胶的制备及絮凝作用

季铵型阳离子田菁胶的制备及絮凝作用;化学改性;混凝     

高压对食品胶溶液流变特性的影响

 经高压处理后,卡拉胶、琼胶、高甲氧基果胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶等六种食品胶溶液的粘度变化不同。卡拉胶和琼胶溶液的粘度显著增加,高甲氧基果胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶溶液的粘度变化较小,而黄原胶溶液的粘度明显降低。动态粘弹性测量表明,卡拉胶和琼胶溶液的贮藏模量（G′）在高压处理后明显减小,而且G′变得小于G″,这表明卡拉胶和琼胶溶液的弹性变小。高甲氧基果胶、海藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶溶液的损耗正切值（tan δ=G″/G′）在处理后几乎没有变化,黄原胶溶液的tan δ略微减小。高压处理后食品胶溶液流变特性的不同变化表明,高压处理对食品胶的影响因其种类、胶分子的结构和胶在水溶液中的构象而异。文中对造成这些变化差异的可能原因进行了探讨。     

槐豆胶及与黄原胶复配胶耐盐稳定性研究

在原有研究的基础上,对槐豆胶、黄原胶及槐豆胶与黄原胶复配胶的耐盐特性进行了研究。结果显示：槐豆胶与黄原胶单一胶耐盐性有所差异,其中黄原胶单一胶耐盐性较槐豆胶好,5d内达到稳定,且粘度下降幅度较低;槐豆胶8d达到稳定,粘度下降幅度较大。槐豆胶与黄原胶配伍,其耐盐稳定性明显提高,3d达到稳定,且粘度下降幅度降低。因此,槐豆胶与黄原胶配伍后,一方面可大幅度提高粘度,另一方面可显著提高耐盐稳定性,使成本大幅度降低,达到用量少、成本低和提高使用效果的目的。因此,槐豆胶作为黄原胶的复配食品胶应用于高盐食品中,具有明显的优越性和广阔的应用前景。     

Graphene oxide–gellan gum–sodium alginate nanocomposites: synthesis,characterization, and mechanical behavior

This paper reports the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide–gellan gum–sodium alginate nanocomposites (GO–GG–Alg). The nanocomposites were prepared by a simple solution mixing-evaporation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractions, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing were conducted to study the structure and properties of the nanocomposites. The obtained findings reveal that gellan gum, sodium alginate, and graphene oxide are able to form a homogeneous mixture. Small amount of GO loading on GO–GG–Alg drastically improves its tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Detailed material characteristics of the nanocomposites are addressed.     

杜仲叶脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

采用毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用方法对杜仲叶中的脂肪酸（以甲脂形式）进行分析，鉴定出１０种脂肪酸，其质量分数为９９．３２％，其中不饱和脂肪酸十六碳三烯酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的质量分数分别为０．７５％、１．５９％和４５．８５％。     

Bioinspired synthesis of morphologically controlled SrCO3 superstructures by natural gum acacia

Crystallization of strontium carbonate is performed in aqueous solution using Gum Acacia (GA) as crystal growth modifier. A novel study of hierarchical assembly, specifically interacting inorganic and natural component without introduction of other additives was studied. SrCO₃structures exhibiting the morphologies of well defined nanocrystallites in the form of clusters of hexagonal rods, flower shaped, cross like, doughnut shaped and rice grain shaped are identified by optimizing the conditions and concentration of GA. In continuation, morphology was also examined for mixed metal carbonates (Sr‐LaCO₃, Sr‐TbCO₃). The results indicate that –OH, –COOH and ‐NH₂ functional group moieties of GA play a remarkable role in inhibiting growth morphology of metal carbonates and mixed metal carbonates. Structural characterization of the synthesized materials was investigated by Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled Mass (MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). This synthesis method can be easily extended to a variety of inorganic nanoparticles, thereby enabling exact control over material properties. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

最大叶片式桨在黄原胶假塑性流体中的传热性能研究

研究了非牛顿假塑性黄原胶溶液中最大叶片式搅拌桨的传热性能.考察了此桨在黄原胶溶液混合过程中的功耗、气含率、氧传质系数KLa等的变化规律以及通气和不同搅拌转速对搅拌釜内传热过程的影响,测得了不同操作条件下的温度场及传热系数,建立了Nu和Re,Pr之间的关联式.结果表明,最大叶片式搅拌桨的传热系数可以达到250W/(m2.K),能够强化高粘假塑性流体的传热过程.