皂荚瓜尔胶的提取及其性能

对皂荚种子中瓜尔胶的提取、含量、结构及其在不同浓度、pH值、剪切力作用下黏度的变化规律进行了试验。结果表明:种子中,内胚乳的含量为410.2 mg/g,内胚乳中瓜尔胶的含量为475.8 mg/g;用红外光谱设备测得其结构符合半乳甘露聚糖结构通式;瓜尔胶溶液的比浓黏度随浓度的升高而增加,瓜尔胶为非牛顿流体,其比浓黏度随剪切力的增大而显著减小;瓜尔胶溶液的特性黏度受pH值的影响甚微,在中性条件下其特性黏度最大。     

药材醇提物对骨质疏松小鼠生化指标影响的比较

研究淫羊藿、杜仲、骨碎补单味药材醇提物对实验性骨质疏松症小鼠骨代谢生化指标的影响．采用维甲酸灌胃造成小鼠实验性骨质疏松症模型,同时灌服杜仲、淫羊藿、骨碎补单味药材醇提取物,检测小鼠血清总碱性磷酸酶、血清骨钙素、血清游离钙、血清羟脯胺酸／肌酐值指标的变化．与模型组相比,淫羊藿醇提物可以使骨钙素和血清游离钙的水平显著下降;杜仲醇提物可以使血清总碱性磷酸酶显著升高;骨碎补醇提物可以使血清羟脯胺彰肌酐值显著下降．淫羊藿、杜仲、骨碎补单味药材醇提物对维甲酸所致小鼠骨质疏松症有一定的防治作用．但作用方式有一定的差别．     

酶法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的实验研究

通过对酶法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的影响因素分析得到最佳提取工艺参数:蒸馏水浸润→纤维素酶(45℃)和果胶酶(55℃)破坏细胞壁和大分子有机物(恒温10 min)→加热水恒温提取(50℃提取2次,每次10 min)→真空浓缩得粗品→重结晶得纯品(纯度为99.21%).本方法提取时间短、提取率高、杂质含量少,具有可操作性.     

高碘酸钠氧化法测定羟丙基瓜尔胶上仲羟基取代度

高碘酸钠氧化可以使邻羟基C-C键发生高选择性断裂, 同时产生两分子醛基. 在pH=4.3及25 ℃的条件下, 对瓜尔胶及其衍生物羟丙基瓜尔胶进行高碘酸钠氧化, 采用红外光谱与核磁共振谱对氧化产物结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 氧化后的瓜尔胶和及羟丙基瓜尔胶结构中醛基主要以半缩醛的形式存在. 通过测定高碘酸钠的消耗量得到不同摩尔取代度羟丙基瓜尔胶糖单元上邻羟基的含量, 结合概率分析方法, 确定摩尔取代度分别为0.04, 0.14, 0.36, 0.51, 0.78, 1.05和1.53的羟丙基瓜尔胶在仲羟基上取代度分别为0.02, 0.09, 0.18, 0.30, 0.46, 0.59和1.03, 与其它方法得到的结果一致.     

Gum Tragacanth (GT): A Versatile Biocompatible Material beyond Borders

The use of naturally occurring materials in biomedicine has been increasingly attracting the researchers’ interest and, in this regard, gum tragacanth (GT) is recently showing great promise as a therapeutic substance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a polysaccharide, GT can be easily extracted from the stems and branches of various species of Astragalus. This anionic polymer is known to be a biodegradable, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic material. The stability against microbial, heat and acid degradation has made GT an attractive material not only in industrial settings (e.g., food packaging) but also in biomedical approaches (e.g., drug delivery). Over time, GT has been shown to be a useful reagent in the formation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the context of green chemistry. With the advent of tissue engineering, GT has also been utilized for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds applied for both hard and soft tissue healing strategies. However, more research is needed for defining GT applicability in the future of biomedical engineering. On this object, the present review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of GT in biomedicine and tries to open new horizons in the field based on its inherent characteristics.     

Effects of biopolymer ratio and heat treatment on the complex formation between whey protein isolate and soluble fraction of Persian gum

Proteins and polysaccharides are the two most important natural ingredients with unique functional properties. Their interactions can be considered as a route to produce new materials of various technological applications. In this study, the effect of pH (3–7) as well as the mixing ratio of whey protein isolate (WPI)/soluble part of Persian gum (PG) (1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 6:1, and 9:1% w/w WPI/PG) on the complex formation behavior of the two polymers were studied using spectrophotometric and dynamic light scattering techniques, soluble protein measurement, and microscopic observations. Investigating the curves of turbidity versus pH showed that pHc and pH_?1, which are associated with the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes, moved toward higher pH values by increasing WPI:PG ratio. Increased solubility was observed at pHc?>?pH?>?pH_?1 for all biopolymers mixtures. In addition, lowering the pH toward pH_?1 resulted in a decrease in the size of complexes, while further decrease of pH beyond this point led to larger particles. No significant difference was noticed between pH_c and pH_?1 of heated and unheated WPI/PG mixtures, although the turbidity of heated samples increased due to the formation of larger aggregates.     

The displacement efficiency and rheology of welan gum for enhanced heavy oil recovery

The displacement efficiency of welan gum on enhanced heavy oil recovery has been investigated by comparing that of xanthan gum which is commonly used for polymer flooding, and it is found that the displacement efficiency of biopolymer welan gum is higher (>7.0 % at the normal permeability) than that of xanthan gum. In‐depth rheological investigations show that both storage modulus and loss modulus of welan gum solution are higher than those of xanthan gum solutions at the same concentration, temperature and salinity. The higher displacement efficiency for enhanced heavy oil recovery by welan gum is mainly caused by its stronger ability to form aggregates. Although the molecular weight of welan gum is lower than that of xanthan gum, the aggregates of welan gum molecules help to improve the sweep efficiency. It is proposed that welan gum improves oil recovery by drawing and dragging on the residual oils which is derived from the interlinked network structures formed by the adjacent double helices in the arrangement of the zipper model. The intermolecular structures formed by zipper model are stable in high temperature and high salinity condition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真丝针织浸渍工艺的研究

通过浸渍剂HV301和太古油处理后生丝的物理性能的测定，探讨分析了它们对生丝的作用原理，并提出浸渍剂HV301的优越性和可用性，通过HV301浸渍工艺的正交试验，采用计算机处理找出了最佳的工艺参数。研究结果对真丝在针织实际生产中提高效率、保证质量、降低成本有一定的参考价值。     

杜仲叶挥发油的GC—MS分析

本文对生长了一年的杜仲树叶中的挥发油采用色谱质谱联用分析技术分离鉴定。总共分出大小４５种成分，用谱图检索确认出其中的２５种，并用峰面积归一化法，给出了其相对含量确认部分占８７．６％。     

Rheological and drag reduction characteristics of xanthan gum solutions

The rheological and turbulent drag reducing characteristics of commercial and purified xanthan gum solutions of concentrations 50–500 ppm have been studied with and without addition of 100 ppm NaCl. The purification by soxlet extraction of xanthan gum using 95% ethanol is effective in removing low-molecular-weight impurities from xanthan. The increased content of higher molecular-weight xanthan in purified xanthan is evident from rheological and drag reduction behavior. The addition of 100 ppm salt to dilute solutions introduces semi-flexibility in xanthan gum solution without occurrence of self-association. The change in molecular behavior in the presence of salt is evident from rheological normal-stress and turbulent drag reduction behaviors.