杜仲胶研究进展及发展前景

本文介绍了杜仲胶发展简史及其塞础研究和应用开发取得的新进展。指出:高弹性杜仲胶的诞生,杜仲胶硫化过程三阶段及与之对应的三类不同材料的发现,杜仲胶材料工程学的形成及“橡一塑统一材料谱”概念的提出,把杜仲胶的研究及开发带到了一个新阶段,进而推动了系列功能材料的开发。最后讨论了以杜仲胶为中心的杜仲资源综合利月的前景。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时分离测定杜仲雄花及其产品中的 京尼平苷酸和绿原酸

建立了利用反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）同时测定杜仲雄花及其产品中京尼平苷酸和绿原酸的方法。所用的色谱柱为Shim-pack VP-ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相组成为甲醇-水-乙酸(体积比为24∶75∶1),检测波长为240 nm。在该色谱条件下,京尼平苷酸的含量在0.025~0.400 g/L、绿原酸的含量在0.075~1.200 g/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9997和0.9999;加标回收率分别为100.2%和100.5%。该法适用于杜仲雄花及其产品中这2种成分的含量分析。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Grafted from Acacia Gum

Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto acacia gum has been studied in detail. The grafting was found to be optimal under the following reaction conditions: gum at 0.4 g/dL, monomer at 7.52 × 10^?;2 mol/dL, ceric ammonium sulfate at 15.81 × 10^?;4 mol/dL, H₂SO₄ at 0.037 mol/dL, temperature at 50 °C and time at 3.0 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was sed for the confirmation of grafting. Thermal and physical properties of the copolymer were studied. A probable mechanism of polymerization has been suggested based on reaction kinetics.     

中药杜仲炮制的现代研究进展

目的对杜仲现代炮制的研究进展作一综述。方法通过文献研究，详细分析杜仲炮制火候、辅料及单一成分与药理作用在炮制前后的变化，全面了解杜仲现代炮制研究进展。结果杜仲炮制以盐炙法为主流方法，但炮制方法及条件尚需进一步深入全面的考察。结论建议综合分析杜仲数种活性成分与药理作用在炮制前后的变化，考察影响杜仲炮制效果的主要因素。     

杜仲翅果籽油与猕猴桃籽油的比较研究

对杜仲翅果籽油和猕猴桃籽油的脂肪酸组成、α-亚麻酸含量及籽油的理化特性等进行了比较研究.研究结果表明：两者脂肪酸GC指纹图谱非常相似,即脂肪酸组成和含量基本相同.亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量极为相近,且折光指数、密度、气味、色泽等质量指标非常相近.说明杜仲翅果籽油具有与猕猴桃籽油同样的保健功能和开发利用价值.     

Rheological behaviour of spray-dried egg yolk/xanthan gum aqueous dispersions

This paper provides information on the microstructure of, and reports particle size distributions and rheological results for, aqueous dispersions of spray-dried egg yolk and xanthan gum prepared on a laboratory scale using two types of homogenisers. Laser light scattering results demonstrated that higher energy input during homogenisation yielded a dispersion with a lower average particle size and a wider polydispersity, slightly influencing the linear dynamic viscoelastic functions due to the low concentration of egg yolk particles. These dispersions exhibited weak gel properties at the composition studied. The mechanical spectrum and the corresponding relaxation spectrum were dominated by the xanthan/gum-water matrix which controls the structure of the continuous phase. This fact explained the lack of any wall depletion effects. Several controlled-rate and controlled-stress rotational rheometers and a capillary rheometer were used to obtain information on flow properties. The shear rate dependence of steady state viscosity was determined through twelve decades, and was fitted using the Carreau equation. The kinetics of structural recovery after steady-state shear was studied by start-up at the inception of shear and flow interrupted experiments under controlled shear history. The results were analysed in terms of the ratio of a time-dependent amount of overshoot to the amount of overshoot of the original sample, using the addition of two first order equations. Additionally, combined steady state flow properties at fixed shear stress/oscillatory shear experiments were also used. The increase of the storage modulus with time, checking a linear viscoelastic response, tracked the structural recovery after steady shear. Laser light scattering of sheared samples helped gain a better understanding of the role of egg yolk particles on the rheology of these dispersions. Received: 6 February 2000 Accepted: 5 September 2000     

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产黄原胶的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源生产黄原胶,摇瓶发酵７２ｈ,其产胶量可达３．２６％,碳源转化率为５６．２％,成品粘度１７６０ｍＰａ．ｓ,剪切值６．５３。实验结果表明,甘蔗糖蜜完全可以代替蔗糖、玉米淀粉或葡萄糖为碳源发酵生产黄原胶,从而为完善我国黄原胶生产技术提供了一条新的途径。     

Investigation of Adsorption of Xanthan Gum on Enamel by Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

By using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM), a polymer layer was found on the enamel surface after the exposure to xanthan gum solutions. The layer thickness is closely related to the exposure time and the concentration of xanthan gum solution. The thickness data were evaluated by a Kruskal-Wallis test and Box-Whisker Plot at a 95% confidence level (p＜0. 05), and a statistically significant difference among the thickness data groups was demonstrated. After the exposure to 1000, 400, 100 mg/L xanthan gum solutions, the mean of layer thickness at the adsorption equilibrium is in the ranges of 103.5--122.06,82.4--88.94 and 45. 27--55.55 nm, respectively. This phenomenon suggests that the viscosity modifying a-gents in the beverage might be adsorbed on the enamel surface during consumption, which may form a barrier that can protect the enamel from being attacked by acid and therefore reduce dental erosion.     

M／N型负载固体碱吸附胶质性能及再生方法的考察

对碱性物质／多孔性物质（Ｍ／Ｎ型）负载固体碱吸附胶质性能及再生方法进行了试验研究。研究发现,Ｍ／Ｎ型负载固体碱对汽油胶质具有一定的吸附能力,以活化剂－汽油溶液（活化剂含量为２００μｇ／ｇ）为再生溶剂,可有效地对吸附胶质失活后的固体碱进行再生。此外,汽油固体碱预碱洗的室内试验表明,Ｍ／Ｎ型钢载固体碱预碱洗 效果良好,可使脱臭装置的使用寿命明显延长２倍以上。     

低聚香豆胶交联凝胶体系

首次研究了微波辅助酸降解香豆胶过程及其影响因素,并与水浴酸降解过程进行对比,获得了低聚香豆胶。研究了低聚香豆胶与硼砂交联形成凝胶的过程,考察了低聚香豆胶浓度、硼砂浓度和pH值对形成凝胶体系的影响,获得了稳定的凝胶体系。进一步研究了低聚香豆胶凝胶体系的流变特性。结果表明：微波辅助酸降解法是快速降解香豆胶的新方法,降解速度显著高于水浴酸降解法。在适当的碱性条件下,低聚香豆胶可与硼砂形成较稳定的交联凝胶体系,该体系具有显著的粘弹性和剪切变稀特性。