羧甲基决明子多糖的制备及表征

以决明子多糖(CTG)为原料,氯乙酸(MCA)为羧甲基化醚化剂,异丙醇水溶液为分散剂,制备了高取代度羧甲基决明子多糖。研究了氯乙酸用量、固液比、碱化时间及温度、醚化时间及温度对产品取代度的影响。实验结果表明:n(MCA)/n(CTG)=1.6∶1,固液比为1∶2.5,碱化温度为40℃,碱化时间为60min,醚化温度为53℃,醚化时间为3.0h时,产品的取代度最高为0.64,羧甲基利用率为79.5%。与原粉相比,羧甲基决明子多糖溶液稳定时间更长,6天内黏度变化不大,耐电解质性良好。采用FTIR,13C-NMR和TGA对羧甲基决明子多糖的结构和热性能进行了分析。     

Selective depression behavior of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation

The depression behavior and mechanism of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation were systematically investigated by flotation experiments, adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The flotation results for monominerals, mixed minerals, and actual mineral samples indicated that guar gum exhibited much higher selective depression for talc than for scheelite. Bench-scale closed-circuit tests showed that a tungsten concentrate with a WO₃ grade of 51.43% and a WO₃ recovery of 76.18% was obtained. Adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectral analyses confirmed that guar gum absorbed more strongly onto the talc surface than onto the scheelite surface because of chemisorption between guar gum and talc. This chemisorption is responsible for the guar gum's highly selective depression for talc and small depression for scheelite. The flotation results provide technical support for talc-type scheelite flotation.     

改性瓜尔豆胶印花性能探讨

对改性瓜尔豆胶和海藻酸钠印花糊料的各项性能及其用于棉织物活性染料印花效果进行对比.实验表明,改性瓜尔豆胶的成糊率较高,其PVI值比海藻酸钠印花糊料PVI值低,粘度较大,更接近平网印花对糊料粘度的要求,且印花织物具有较好耐摩擦、耐水洗性能;改性瓜尔豆胶糊料其印花织物的K/S值与海藻酸钠糊料的印花织物相接近.因此,使用改性瓜尔豆胶可以部分替代海藻酸钠作为印花糊料,以降低生产成本.     

Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Gum Arabic

Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized by coating the particle surfaces with gum arabic (GA) to improve particle stability in aqueous suspensions (i.e. biological media). Particle characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to analyze the morphology and quantify the size distribution of the nanoparticles, respectively. The results from DLS indicated that the GA-treated nanoparticles formed smaller agglomerates as compared to the untreated samples over a 30-h time frame. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated an average weight loss of 23%, showing that GA has a strong affinity toward the iron oxide surface. GA most likely contributes to␣colloid stability via steric stabilization. It was determined that the adsorption of GA onto magnetite exhibits Langmuir behavior.     

Release kinetics of (−)-menthol from chewing gum

The release kinetics of (−)-menthol from chewing gum was investigated using various encapsulated powder of (−)-menthol. The apparatus of flavor release of chewing gum was made with a glass container of mashing homogenizer. Flavor release behavior could be correlated with Avrami’s equation. Chewing gum containing (−)-menthol/γ-CD complex powder had longer retention of (−)-menthol compared with the β-CD complex powder and the (−)-menthol encapsulated in modified starches. The activation energies of (−)-menthol release from chewing gum were 106 kJ/mol for γ-CD complex and 74 kJ/mol for (−)-menthol/β-CD complex powder and emulsified (−)-menthol encapsulated in HI-CAP, respectively.     

Surface modification by deposition of IPA plasma and gellan gum/chitosan hybrid hydrogel onto thermoplastic polyurethane for controlled release of N‐acetylcysteine

A thin film system composed of gellan gum and chitosan was fabricated through a combination of polyelectrolyte blend and hybrid hydrogel gelation for controlled release of drug. In this study, precursor isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used to plasma deposit on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to form a hydrophilic film. The features of the thin film were evaluated using water contact angle (WCA) measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, and studies of controlled release of drugs. The hybrid hydrogel, pH‐sensitive, was tested at pH values of 1.2 and 7.4 of buffer solution and at a temperature of 37°C to observe its swelling ratio and drug delivery properties with N‐acetylcysteine as a drug material for controlled release. Furthermore, at pH 7.4, the hybrid hydrogel has an outstanding release ratio of up to about 90% absorption amounts of N‐acetylcysteine after 8 hr. The mechanism of drug release from thin film devices (n = 0.684) is anomalous (non‐Fickian) transport, the value of n lies between 0.43 and 0.85.     

不同气体介质中脂松香的热氧化行为

在２５０℃和不同气体介质中对脂松香进行了加速氧化处理。用Ｃ＾＊ａ＾＊ｂ＾＊色度系列测定了松香色度随时间的变化，并用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱仪分析了氧化松香中含碳基团的种类和数量。通过解析色度变化与各种基团的关系，发现松香中双键与氧形成环氧基再水解成羟基是松香氧化的主要途径之一；羰基的形成是松香变红的主要原因。氨气或冷凝回流的松香挥发分的气化能有效地抑制氧化反应。     

新型保护胶BJ和去胶剂QJ的研制

为了替代引进生产线配套使用的保护胶和去胶剂，参照国内现有的工艺条件，研制了新型保护胶ＢＪ和去胶剂ＱＪ     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定杜仲叶中的微量元素

用非完全消化法处理杜仲叶,在低温下用浓硝酸消解样品,加入乳化剂Triton X-100(OP)溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂,获得均匀的样品乳浊液,取适量的乳浊液制成试液,用火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定了样品中的微量元素,并对检出限、加标回收率进行了测定。结果表明,相对标准偏差小于2.1%,测定结果与灰化法一致,且相对误差小于±1.8%。用非完全消化法结合火焰原子吸收光谱法对杜仲叶进行预处理取代灰化法是可行的,且方法简便、准确。