NiWC喷焊层冲蚀磨损性能的研究

本文通过对NiWC喷焊层的冲蚀实验以及扫描电镜分析,研究NiWC喷焊层的冲蚀性能.结果表明在Al_2O_3硬粒子冲蚀条件下,NiWC喷焊层显示介于延性、脆性材料之间的冲蚀特性.NiWC喷焊层的冲蚀率随WC%增加而增加.     

Soil Erosion Spatial Distribution Character of Sloping Field in the Sichuan Hilly Basin： Taking a Cultivated Slope in Neijiang as Example

0IntroductionNeijiang City locates in the south of The SichuanHilly Basin.The Sichuan Hilly Basin is underlainby horizontally bedded Mesozoic mudstones,siltstonesand sandstones.Purple soils developed on these rapidlyweathering rocks are widely distributed across the basin.According to second state soil erosion surveys based onremote sensing,the soil erosion rates in local area aretypicallyinthe range of3000-5000t·km-2·a-1[1,2].Inthe Sichuan Hilly Basin,one sloping field may is com-pose…     

Sand Erosion in Axial Flow Conditions

A mathematical model of sand erosion in axial flow conditions is presented. The basic mass balance equations and sand erosion constitutive equation were given in Vardoulakis et al. (1996). As opposed to reference Vardoulakis et al. (1996), we consider here the extreme case where convection is null and hydrodynamic dispersion dominates. In addition, Brinkman's extension of Darcy's law is adopted to account for a smooth transition between channel flow and Darcian flow. The set of governing PDE's is presented in dimensionless form and is solved numerically. In concordance with the basic constitutive equation for erosion kinetics, the analysis shows that erosion progresses in time as a front of high transport concentration. This result is justified by the highly non-linear character of the erosion source term which dominates in the diffusion-like governing equation.     

四川德阳地区土壤侵蚀因子与敏感性分析

德阳市地处长江上游生态屏障的最前沿,水土流失不但与本市防汛安全和未来的经济、生态、社会发展密切相关,而且极大地影响着长江中下游各地的可持续发展和相关的重大工程建设.以通用土壤流失方程(USLE)为基础,选择降雨侵蚀力、地形起伏度、土壤质地和植被覆盖等自然因子作为水土流失敏感性的评价指标,根据德阳地区自然环境特征制定评价指标的分级标准,在GIS和RS技术支持下,通过多因子叠加计算得到德阳地区土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的结果,指出了德阳地区极敏感区、高度敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区和一般敏感区等不同土壤侵蚀敏感区的空间分布,提出了有效控制该地区土壤侵蚀的建议.     

Dual-jet plasmatron for medical applications

We present a design for a dual-jet arc plasmatron operating at a frequency of 66 kHz in an argon flow at atmospheric pressure. We present the results of determination of the temperature, electron concentration, and electrode erosion obtained by atomic emission spectral analysis. The proposed convenient design for a dualjet plasmatron and the low erosion of the copper electrodes in the plasma make it possible to use it for medical purposes. Report given at the Fifth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Plasma Technologies (PPPT-5), 18–22 September 2006, Minsk, Belarus. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 139–140, January–February, 2007.     

10－6—10－4m2/s黏度液体中靶受力学作用的测试与分析

通过自行研制的光纤传感器对不同黏度液体中材料靶后的力学作用进行研究，获得了液体黏度变化对等离子体烧蚀力、射流冲击力及空泡生存周期的影响. 实验结果表明：液体黏度相同时，靶材所受冲击力幅值随作用激光能量的增加单调上升；液体黏度增加时，靶材所受的冲击力减小，靶材的空化空蚀程度亦减小；受液体黏度增大的影响，空泡膨胀或收缩过程减缓，相应的生存周期也增大. 此外，对空泡溃灭周期公式进行修正, 结果表明修正后的理论估算值与实验值的一致性较好.     

公路滑坡侵蚀运动过程的仿真分析

为了研究公路滑坡运动的机理,减轻公路建设中滑坡灾害的影响,以陕西铜川-王石凹公路2#滑坡侵蚀为实例,论述了公路滑坡侵蚀的地质地貌条件和变形特征。认为2#滑坡为牵引式滑坡,是古滑坡的复活,2#滑坡的滑移方式和方向与老滑坡不同,2#滑坡处于非稳定状态。建立了地质模型和计算模型,采用离散元法对滑坡侵蚀运动过程进行了仿真分析,对该滑坡滑动后可能造成的灾害程度及侵蚀量进行了评估。结果表明:2#滑坡的运动过程可分为:启动破坏阶段、剧动加速阶段、高速运动阶段、碰撞减速阶段和停滞缓动阶段5个阶段;2#滑坡滑动后,潜在滑坡侵蚀量将达到1409×104m3,因此该段公路必须进行滑坡治理或改道。     

黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤水蚀观测研究

基于区域地貌差异,采用定点观测与综合分析方法,对布设在榆林、延安两市的3个观测小区的户间道路、户间空地、庭院进行了水蚀定位观测分析.结果显示,研究区乡村聚落的平均侵蚀强度为2722.2 t/km2,尤以户间空地平均侵蚀强度最大,为4380.9 t/km2.延安市宝塔区乡村聚落平均侵蚀量最大,为5311.9 t/km2.表明黄土丘陵区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀普遍较为严重,降雨是直接驱动力,人为活动尤其是土地利用方式影响也很明显,应加强研究,积极防治.     

Soil Organic Carbon Loss under Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region

Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with slope gradient increasing （from10° to 30°）, the changing trend of soil erosion intensity （A） was A20°〉A30°〉A15°〉A10°〉A25°, suggesting that slope gradient between 20° and 25° was a critical degree ranger to exist. Soil organic carbon loss was mainly influenced by soil erosion intensity, appearing the same trend as did soil erosion intensity with increasing slope gradient. Soil erosion results in organic carbon enrichment in sediment. Average enrichment ratios of five runoff plots varied from 2.27 to 3.74, and decreased with increasing erosion intensity and slope gradient. The decrease of surface runoff and soil erosion is the key to reduce soil organic carbon loss.