冲击速度和磨粒粒度对FeCrAl/WC复合涂层冲蚀性能的影响

采用粉芯丝材作为原料,利用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了具有良好抗高温冲蚀磨损性能的FeCrAl/WC复合涂层;考察了650℃下冲击速度和磨粒粒度对复合涂层高温冲蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明,复合涂层和20G锅炉钢的耐高温冲蚀磨损能力随着磨粒粒度的增加而有所提高;30°攻角下冲蚀率随磨粒粒度的变化速率比90°攻角下的小;同20G锅炉钢相比,复合涂层对速更加敏感,速度越低,FeCrAl/WC复合涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能越好.     

安徽水阳江上中游输沙特性及水土流失问题

安徽省宣州地区内红壤分布很广，本文依据宣城站的年输沙量及相应的年降雨量、年径流量等资料系列，分析了水阳江上中游红壤地区输沙特性，并且指出该地区存在水土流失的潜在危险。     

Solid‐particle erosion in the tube end of the tube sheet of a shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger

Erosion is one of the major problems in many industrial processes, and in particular, in heat exchangers. The effects of flow velocity and sand particle size on the rate of erosion in a typical shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger were investigated numerically using the Lagrangian particle‐tracking method. Erosion and penetration rates were obtained for sand particles of diameters ranging from 10 to 500 µm and for inlet flow velocities ranging from 0.197 to 2.95 m/s. A flow visualization experiment was conducted with the objective of verifying the accuracy of the continuous phase calculation procedure. Comparison with available experimental data of penetration rates was also conducted. These comparisons resulted in a good agreement. The results show that the location and number of eroded tubes depend mainly on the particle size and velocity magnitude at the header inlet. The rate of erosion depends exponentially on the velocity. The particle size shows negligible effect on the erosion rate at high velocity values and the large‐size particles show less erosion rates compared to the small‐size particles at low values of inlet flow velocities. The results indicated that the erosion and penetration rates are insignificant at the lower end of the velocity range. However, these rates were found to increase continuously with the increase of the inlet flow velocity for all particle sizes. The particle size creating the highest erosion rate was found to depend on the flow velocity range. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

榆树市黑土流失成因及治理对策

榆树市是全国农业大县,是国家重要的粮食生产基地,同时也是水土流失十分严重的地区.本文重点研究了榆树市水土流失的成因、规律及危害.并在此基础上,结合榆树市的基本地理特点与社会经济发展实际情况,提出了水土流失综合防治的具体对策.     

吕梁山土壤侵蚀成因规律及发展趋势研究

严重的土壤侵蚀是导致吕梁山区经济落后的根本原因，土壤侵蚀的形成是自然、人为因素综合作用的结果，其空间分布具有一定的规律性，时间的序列性，侵蚀方式的迭加性；研究现状、分析成因规律是为了更好地预测未来，吕梁山未来侵蚀发展趋势如何，关健在予软资源(意识行为、政策方针、管理等)配置是否合理．     

郯庐断裂带的基本特征及其对沉积盆地的控制

郯庐断裂带是我国东部的一条巨型断裂带。在山东境内是不同大地构造单元的分界线,使东西两侧的深部、基底和盖层在地质和地球物理方面,都有很大的差异。该断裂成生于太古代中期,并开始对两侧的沉积与剥蚀起控制作用。在长期的活动中,表现出间歇性、继承性和差异性。运动特点则主要以差异升降为主,没有发生大规模的水平运动。     

基于RS和GIS的小流域土壤侵蚀量估算研究

介绍了修正通用土壤流失方程及各因子算法．选取三峡库区太平溪小流域为研究区域,通过遥感和野外调查进行信息采集,建立了流域环境数据库．在GIS支持下,根据土壤流失监测模型对数据库实施运算操作,估算了流域土壤侵蚀量。     

Study on the surface erosion route to the fabrication of TiO2 hollow spheres

Three-dimensional (3D) architecture of TiO₂ hollow sphere has many excellent and interesting performances that attract significant attention nowadays. In this paper, a simple surface erosion approach to the fabrication of TiO₂ hollow spheres via the hydrothermal process has been developed. The morphologies and the phase were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicate that the anatase-type TiO₂ hollow spheres with a diameter of ∼1 μm are successfully synthesized. The shell thickness of TiO₂ hollow spheres is ∼150 nm and the size of hollow cavity is ∼600 nm. By the control experiments, the influence of ammonium fluoride and hydrogen peroxide on the hollow spherical structures was studied. Hydrogen peroxide acts as both the oxidant and the bubble generator, ammonium fluoride is crucial for the erosion and dissolution of titanium, the detailed dissolution-crystallization mechanism for the formation of TiO₂ hollow spheres was also proposed.     

基于GIS和USLE模型的巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评价

土壤侵蚀是全世界都关心的土地资源与环境保护问题。巢湖作为中国第五大淡水湖,近年来由于水体富营养化产生的水华现象引起多方重视,对巢湖流域土壤侵蚀评估对于环境保护战略与土地规划政策具有重要的意义。基于GIS平台,采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE)来评估巢湖流域14县/区2000年到2010年土壤侵蚀空间分布变化趋势。研究表明:(1)巢湖流域土壤侵蚀严重区域主要分布在金安区、舒城县、居巢区以及含山县的丘陵地区,即杭埠河-丰乐河流域、裕溪河流域与柘皋河流域的上游地区;(2)从2000年到2010年,土壤微度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀区域占巢湖流域总面积比例分别减少了0.5%、0.05%、0.21%和0.23%,而轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀区域所占比例分别增加了0.98%和0.01%,总体呈现土壤强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀与剧烈侵蚀区域向轻、中度侵蚀转移的趋势。(3)植被覆盖度变化是巢湖流域土壤侵蚀分级发生变化的主要原因,总体上,2000~2010年研究区由于植被覆盖度的波动性增加呈现土壤侵蚀分级波动性降低的趋势。     

波浪作用下墩柱结构物涂层界面气泡演化规律

为研究波浪低频往复冲击作用下墩柱结构物浪溅区涂层的力学剥蚀因素,分析波浪周期、波高和气泡直径对涂层剥蚀的影响,基于ABAQUS/Standard分析模块,建立了考虑波浪周期、波高和气泡直径的三维数值模型,模拟了波浪作用过程中结构物/涂层界面的气泡损伤演化过程。结果表明：涂层界面气泡应变和影响范围与波高的关系为线性正相关,且基本不受波浪周期的影响,但波浪周期越小,其波浪力作用的频率越快,并在周期时达到最大值;应变和影响范围随气泡直径的增大而增大,而气泡直径越小,其应变分布（椭圆的形状）越规则,波高越大、周期越短、气泡直径越大,气泡越容易破裂,墩柱结构物的涂层越容易被剥蚀。