Relations between site percolation thresholds

By decomposing certain lattices into two sublattices, and examining at percolation threshold the structure of their infinite clusters, an approximate relation between p _c ⁰ , of the original lattice and p _c ¹ , of the sublattice is established: p _c ⁰ (p _c ¹ )^1/2. It is conjectured that an inequality always holds: p _c ⁰ (p _c ¹ )^1/2, and heuristic arguments are given to substantiate it. By similar considerations good estimates forp _c of certain correlated percolation problems are also obtained.     

Shipboard analysis of picomolar levels of manganese in seawater by chelating resin concentration and chemiluminescence detection

A new shipboard analytical method for determining picomolar levels of manganese in seawater has been developed. The method is based on a combination of chelating resin column extraction and improved chemiluminescence (CL) detection in a closed flow system. In this method, manganese in sample solution is selectively collected on newly-developed iminodiacetate-immobilized chelating resin, and then eluted with acidic solution containing hydrogen peroxide. The resulting eluent is mixed with luminol solution and aqueous ammonia after removal of iron ions by a chelating resin column, and then the mixture is introduced into the CL cell. The manganese concentration is obtained from the CL intensity. The detection limit (3SD) of manganese is 5 pmol L^–1 from 9 mL of seawater sample. The method was applied to seawater samples collected at the Okinawa Trough.     

高吸水树脂的溶胀动力学

基于扩散-松弛模型,分别研究了树脂粒度和溶液浓度对高吸水树脂溶胀行为的影响。实验结果表明:水分子的扩散和树脂大分子链段的松弛对树脂的溶胀均有贡献,但两者贡献大小与树脂粒度和溶液浓度有关。     

Novel aromatic carboxamides from dehydroabietylamine as potential fungicides: Design,synthesis and antifungal evaluation

The present study was carried out to design and synthesize a number of novel aromatic carboxamide derivatives of dehydroabietylamine. The preliminary antifungal assay indicated that most of title compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity toward the six fungal strains in vitro. Compounds 3i, 3q, 4b and 4d showed significant antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 0.067 ～ 0.393 mg/L. Compounds 3i, 4b and 4d also showed pronounced mycelial growth inhibition activities against B. cinerea and A. solani. Furthermore, in the in vivo assay, compound 4b exhibited brilliant protective activity against S. sclerotiorum-infected rape leaves. Meanwhile, the in vivo bioassay on tomato plants infected by B. cinerea showed that compound 3i and 4d displayed excellent protective activity at 200 mg/L, which were near to boscalid. Primary mechanistic study revealed that 4b could inhibit sclerotia formation as well as reduce the exopolysaccharide level. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that 4b possessed a strong ability to destroy the surface morphology of mycelia, cell structure and seriously interfere with the growth of the fungal pathogen. In addition, 4b exhibited good inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 23.3 ± 1.6 μM) toward succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Molecular modeling study confirmed the binding modes between compound 4b and SDH. The above antifungal results and fungicidal mechanism study revealed that this class of dehydroabietylamine derivatives could be potential SDH inhibitors and lead compounds for novel fungicides development.     

黎曼近似解模型在太湖藻类浓度场求解中的应用

利用太湖常规监测点的监测资料，在黎曼近似解模型的基础上建立了太湖二维藻类生长模型，该模型采用有限体积法及黎曼近似解对二维水流水质方程组逐时段、逐单元进行求解，将每个时段各个单元ρ(TN)及ρ(TP)的模拟值传递到藻类的生长项，从而模拟出藻类的生长过程，率定验证结果表明，该模型能较好地模拟藻类的生长过程，并能对太湖水体富营养化进行预测。     

电纺丝制备高聚物纳米纤维

通过自制的电纺丝装置获得高聚物纳米纤维，发现不同高聚物纳米纤维具有不同的直径范围。对影响所得纳米纤维直径的静电压、高聚物溶液浓度等过程参数作分析，认为静电压与高聚物溶液浓度是影响试验进行的关键因素，并制约着其他工艺参数的调整。同时，结合静电喷雾及高速纺丝的理论对纺丝电子流体动力学过程作了一定探讨。     

在中空纤维膜中Dean涡降低浓差极化的试验研究

膜污染与浓差极化是不同的概念，两者是相互关联、相互影响的，浓差极化使膜表面被截留组分浓度提高，从而加速了膜污染过程的，而膜污染使部分膜孔堵塞，又会促使局部浓差极化的加剧．因而，膜污染与浓差极化成因果关系，浓差极化是导致膜渗流量下降和分离效率降低的原因．在中空纤维膜中，Dean涡这种不稳定流能有效地将膜靠近膜壁的浓差极化现象大大消除．通过设计一组试验，证明了浓差极化的危害性和Dean涡能较大程度的降低浓差极化．从能耗的观点上说，试验结果表明，有Dean涡存在的编织型中空纤维膜，其能耗低于直线型，其渗透流量和回收率高．图12．参19．     

乳香对几种病原微生物抗性作用的初步研究

研究了树脂中药乳香对几种常见致病菌的抗性作用 .在无菌条件下制作乳香悬浊液并稀释成不同梯度浓度 ,通过药物敏感性试验滤纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度测定 ( MIC)分别对大肠埃希氏杆菌( Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌 ( Staphylococcus aureus)、蜡状芽孢杆菌 ( Bacillus cereus)、铜绿假单胞菌( Pseudomonasaeruginosa)、普通变形杆菌 ( Proteusvulgaris)进行测定 .结果表明平均抑菌圈直径由大到小依次为 :大肠埃希氏杆菌 1 1 .5 3 mm、普通变形杆菌 1 1 .2 8mm、铜绿假单胞菌 1 0 .2 4mm、金黄色葡萄球菌 9.44mm,蜡状芽孢杆菌 8.73 mm;测定这 5种致病菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC)得到 :大肠杆菌为 1 /2 5 6g· m L- 1、普通变形杆菌为 1 /2 5 6g· m L- 1 、铜绿假单胞菌为 1 /1 2 8g· m L- 1、金黄色葡萄球菌为 1 /64 g· m L- 1 、蜡状芽孢杆菌为 1 /1 6g· m L- 1 .研究表明乳香对大肠杆菌的抗性最强 ,对蜡状芽孢杆菌的抗性最弱 ,采用滤纸片扩散法和最低抑菌浓度测定 ( MIC)得到的结果基本一致 .研究还表明乳香具有广谱抗菌作用 ,但对不同致病菌的抗性作用存在一定的差异性     

脉冲电化学光整加工实验研究

用中性电解液进行脉冲电化学表面光整加工可获得良好的表面质量．着重研究了加工的电流密度及电解液浓度对加工表面质量的影响规律，找出了最佳电解液浓度及电流密度．研究表明，脉冲电化学光整加工技术有望在很多关键零件表面光整加工中发挥重要作用。     

稠油组分油水界面zeta电势及其影响因素研究

测定了辽河油田杜 84稠油化学官能团四组分 (酸性分、碱性分、两性分、中性分 )与极性四组分 (饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质 )的zeta(ζ)电势 ,考察了水相pH值、盐度等因素对 ζ电势的影响。结果表明 ,官能团各组分间 ζ电势绝对值的差别较明显 ,其中酸性分最高 ,两性分最低、碱性分和中性分居中。酸性分在 pH =11时 ζ电势绝对值达到最高 ,其他组分的 ζ电势在 pH =12时达到最高。极性四组分 ζ电势绝对值差别不大 ,各组分 ζ电势绝对值都随着pH值升高而升高。在盐度为 1g/L左右时 ,各组分的 ζ电势绝对值都有一个极大值 ,总趋势是 ,各组分 ζ电势绝对值基本上随着盐浓度的增加而减小。碱性条件下 (pH =11～ 12 )水包稠油乳状液中起稳定作用的官能团组分主要是酸性分和极性四组分中的沥青质。水相的碱性条件有利于水包稠油乳状液的稳定 ,盐在特定浓度下具有一定的稳定水包稠油乳状液的作用。但从总体趋势看 ,盐含量的增加会破坏乳状液的稳定性。用离子交换色谱分离得到的官能团组分更能揭示稠油中界面活性组分的内在本质。