蛇足石杉内生真菌的分离和抗植物病原真菌活性

采用内生菌常规分离法对健康的蛇足石杉植株体内的内生真菌进行了分离和筛选.结果表明:从蛇足石杉的不同部位所分离到的内生真菌的数目有所不同,茎部最多,有100株;其次叶部73株;根部最少,仅7株.经初步鉴定,这180株菌分属于13属,即交链孢属(Alternaria)、头孢霉属(Cephalosporium)、球座菌属(Guignardia)、青霉属(Penicillium)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、轮枝孢属(Verticilliun)、组丝核菌属(Phacodium)、瓶梗青霉属(Paecilomyces)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum).采用抑制率法对所分离到的菌株稀释十倍的发酵液进行抗植物病原真菌实验,结果表明:部分菌株对病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对油菜菌核病菌抑制率达100%的有37株,对苹果炭疽病菌抑制率达100%的有27株.     

Isoshamixanthone: a new pyrano xanthone from endophytic Aspergillus sp. ASCLA and absolute configuration of epiisoshamixanthone

Abstract

Isoshamixanthone (1), a new stereoisomeric pyrano xanthone together with the previously known fungal metabolites, epiisoshamixanthone (2), sterigmatocystin (3), arugosin C (4), norlichexanthone (5), diorcinol (6), ergosterol and methyllinoleate, were obtained from the endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus sp. ASCLA isolated from leaf tissues of the medicinal plant Callistemon subulatus. The chemical structure of the new xanthone (1) was elucidated by extensive 1D, 2D NMR, and ESI HR mass measurements, and by comparison with literature data. The constitutions and absolute configurations of 1 and epiisoshamixanthone (2) were additionally confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1,2 were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity using the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1). The antimicrobial activities of the fungal extract and compounds 1,2 were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms as well.     

三种丛枝菌根真菌对百喜草生长、矿质元素含量及抗旱性的影响

研究了三种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌Glomus Aggregatum(G.a)、G.etunicatum(G.e)和G.intraradices(G.i)对百喜草(Paspalum notatum)生长、矿质元素含量及干旱胁迫下几种生理指标的影响.3种AM真菌处理显著提高了主根长和地上部干重,菌根依赖性依次为G.a>G.i>G.e.G.a和G.e接种株根部P、K、Mg、Cu含量,G.i接种株根部P、Mg、Ca含量及G.e接种株根部Ca含量均显著高于对照;G.a接种株地上部P、K、Mg、Ca和Zn含量与对照无显著性差异,而G.e和G.i处理的地上部P、K、Mg、Ca和Cu含量均显著低于对照.干旱胁迫4d时,G.a和G.e处理的地上部POD活性、G.a处理的地上部脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照.干旱胁迫8 d时,各接种株的SOD和POD活性与对照并无显著性差异,而接种AM真菌显著提高了地上部脯氨酸含量,G.e和G.i处理的MDA含量显著低于对照.三种AM真菌以G.a接种处理一定程度上提高了百喜草的生长及抗旱性,而G.e和G.i的效果相对较弱.     

两株丝状真菌N3、N9的分类鉴定

从一酸奶样品中分离到两株丝状真菌N3、N9,通过形态学观察、ITS序列测定及其系统发育分析,初步确定了N3、N9菌株的分类地位以及与其近缘种之间的生物系统学关系.实验结果表明N3、N9菌株在PDA培养基上形成典型绒状茵落,菌丝体上具有担子茵所特有的锁状联合结构.ITS序列测定及系统发育分析表明N3菌株与灰白侧耳(Pleurotus spodoleucus)同源性最高,N9菌株与佛罗里达侧耳(Pleurotus floridanus)同源性最高.     

鸡油菌兼性腐生生长的初步研究

鸡油菌是外生菌根真菌,可通过对马尾松侵染形成共生体,本项研究发现鸡油菌还可以兼性腐生.在温度20～24℃、pH值5.5～6.0、松针马铃薯培养基等条件下,栽培当年就能获得大量子实体原基,为探讨鸡油菌培养与人工栽培奠定了基础.     

Antifungal Sesquiterpenoids from Michelia formosana Leaf Essential Oil against Wood-Rotting Fungi

Michelia formosana (Kanehira) Masamune is a broad-leaved species widespread in East Asia; the wood extract and its constituents possess antifungal activity against wood-decay fungi. Antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its constituents from M. formosana were investigated in the present study. Bioassay-guided isolation was applied to isolate the phytochemicals from leaf essential oil. 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, and MS spectroscopic analyses were applied to elucidate the chemical structures of isolated compounds. Leaf essential oil displayed antifungal activity against wood decay fungi and was further separated into 11 fractions by column chromatography. Four sesquiterpenoids were isolated and identified from the active fractions of leaf essential oil through bioassay-guided isolation. Among these sesquiterpenoids, guaiol, bulnesol, and β-elemol have higher antifungal activity against brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus and white-rot fungus Lenzites betulina. Leaf essential oil and active compounds showed better antifungal activity against L. sulphureus than against L. betulina. The molecular structure of active sesquiterpenoids all contain the hydroxyisopropyl group. Antifungal sesquiterpenoids from M. formosana leaf essential oil show potential as natural fungicides for decay control of lignocellulosic materials.     

Antimicrobial Polyketide Metabolites from Penicillium bissettii and P. glabrum

Screening of several fungi from the New Zealand International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants identified two strains of Penicillium, P. bissettii and P. glabrum, which exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Further investigation into the natural products of the fungi, through extraction and fractionation, led to the isolation of five known polyketide metabolites, penicillic acid (1), citromycetin (2), penialdin A (3), penialdin F (4), and myxotrichin B (5). Semi-synthetic derivatization of 1 led to the discovery of a novel dihydro (1a) derivative that provided evidence for the existence of the much-speculated open-chained form of 1. Upon investigation of the antimicrobial activities of the natural products and derivatives, both penicillic acid (1) and penialdin F (4) were found to inhibit the growth of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Penialdin F (4) was also found to have some inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium abscessus and M. marinum along with citromycetin (2).     

贵州大型菌根菌的分布特征及用途

为了进一步开发利用贵州林木菌根菌资源,本文对贵州林木菌根菌资源进行调查的同时,对其分布特征、有药用价值的主要种类、名贵食用菌及毒菌的中毒症状等作了初步的研究,研究结果表明,贵州菌根真菌有药用价值的主要种类有38种,名贵食用真菌主要种类有39种,常出现食用中毒的主要种类有18种.主要分布在贵州境内海拔190m～2 230m之间.     

硅胶破碎法抽提真菌染色体DNA

在进行基因组步行PCR克隆真菌木聚糖酶基因的研究中,探索并建立了一套可在普通分子生物学实验室采用的高得率、高质量真菌染色体DNA的抽提方法.采用液氮研磨和硅胶破碎相结合提高染色体DNA得率,采用亚精胺法纯化提高DNA的纯度.抽提的染色体DNA用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制酶切、PCR反应及紫外吸收光谱等方法进行了鉴定,结果显示此方法可以获得分子量大、样品纯的染色体DNA,可有效地用于PCR扩增,并能被限制酶有效地消化.     

白腐菌对焦化废水中吲哚的降解及其机理

选用白腐菌BP降解吲哚,研究了白腐菌在不同培养基中对两种浓度吲哚的降解过程和机理,以及吲哚的降解与白腐菌漆酶酶活、生物量、培养基pH值的关系.结果显示不同培养基中白腐菌可去除99%以上的吲哚;吲哚去除率与白腐菌漆酶活率具有较好的相关性,白腐菌漆酶活率达到最高时,可去除97%以上的吲哚;高浓度吲哚会抑制白腐菌的生长,同时也激发了白腐菌漆酶的产生,秸秆滤出液能促进白腐菌的生长和漆酶活力的增长;白腐菌BP最适pH值为6~7,pH值在5~8之间对吲哚都具有较强的降解能力;在HPLC谱图3~6 min之间出现的新物质可能有氧化吲哚和靛红.