The Effect of pH and Sodium Caseinate on the Aqueous Solubility,Stability, and Crystallinity of Rutin towards Concentrated Colloidally Stable Particles for the Incorporation into Functional Foods

Poor water solubility and low bioavailability of hydrophobic flavonoids such as rutin remain as substantial challenges to their oral delivery via functional foods. In this study, the effect of pH and the addition of a protein (sodium caseinate; NaCas) on the aqueous solubility and stability of rutin was studied, from which an efficient delivery system for the incorporation of rutin into functional food products was developed. The aqueous solubility, chemical stability, crystallinity, and morphology of rutin (0.1–5% w/v) under various pH (1–11) and protein concentrations (0.2–8% w/v) were studied. To manufacture the concentrated colloidally stable rutin–NaCas particles, rutin was dissolved and deprotonated in a NaCas solution at alkaline pH before its subsequent neutralisation at pH 7. The excess water was removed using ultrafiltration to improve the loading capacity. Rutin showed the highest solubility at pH 11, while the addition of NaCas resulted in the improvement of both solubility and chemical stability. Critically, to achieve particles with colloidal stability, the NaCas:rutin ratio (w/w) had to be greater than 2.5 and 40 respectively for the lowest (0.2% w/v) and highest (4 to 8% w/v) concentrations of NaCas. The rutin–NaCas particles in the concentrated formulations were physically stable, with a size in the range of 185 to 230 nm and zeta potential of −36.8 to −38.1 mV, depending on the NaCas:rutin ratio. Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of rutin in different systems were 76% to 83% and 2% to 22%, respectively. The concentrated formulation containing 5% w/v NaCas and 2% w/v rutin was chosen as the most efficient delivery system due to the ideal protein:flavonoid ratio (2.5:1), which resulted in the highest loading capacity (22%). Taken together, the findings show that the delivery system developed in this study can be a promising method for the incorporation of a high concentration of hydrophobic flavonoids such as rutin into functional foods.     

Hermetic Seal of Organic Light Emitting Diode with Glass Frit

The components of OLED encapsulation with hermetic sealing and a 1026-day lifetime were measured by PXI-1033. The optimal characteristics were obtained when the thickness of the TPBi layer was 20 nm. This OLED obtained a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 25,849 cd/m² at a current density of 1242 mA/cm², an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.28%, a current efficiency (CE) of 7.20 cd/A, and a power efficiency (PE) of 5.28 lm/W. The efficiency was enhanced by Lmax 17.2%/EQE 0.89%/CE 42.1%/PE 41.9%. The CIE coordinates of 0.32, 0.54 were all green OLED elements with wavelengths of 532 nm. The shear strain and leakage test gave results of 16 kgf and 8.92 × 10⁻⁹ mbar/s, respectively. The reliability test showed that the standard of MIL-STD-883 was obtained.     

Preservation of Mimosa tenuiflora Antiaflatoxigenic Activity Using Microencapsulation by Spray-Drying

Mimosa tenuiflora aqueous extract (MAE) is rich in phenolic compounds. Among them, condensed tannins have been demonstrated to exhibit a strong antioxidant and antiaflatoxin B1 activities in Aspergillus flavus. Since antioxidant capacity can change with time due to environmental interactions, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of encapsulation by spray-drying of Mimosa tenuiflora aqueous extract to preserve their biological activities through storage. A dry formulation may also facilitate transportation and uses. For that, three different wall materials were used and compared for their efficiency. Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, antifungal and antiaflatoxin activities were measured after the production of the microparticles and after one year of storage at room temperature. These results confirmed that encapsulation by spray-drying using polysaccharide wall materials is able to preserve antiaflatoxin activity of Mimosa tenuiflora extract better than freezing.     

ML／Y分子筛复合材料的制备,表征及其催化性能研究

采用沸石合成法制备了ＭＬ／Ｙ（Ｍ＝ Ｆｅ,Ｃｏ,Ｃｒ;Ｌ＝ ８－ ｑｕｉｎｏｌｉｎｏｌａｎｄ ｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ （ｄｅｎｏｔｅｄ ａｓＱｘ ａｎｄ ＳＡｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ）） 复合材料,并通过ＸＲＤ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＩＣＰ、ＵＶ－ ｖｉｓ 及催化反应等手段对其进行了表征。ＦＴＩＲ和ＵＶ－ ｖｉｓ 测试结果表明： 合成体系中含有的金属配合物经过水热晶化后封装或固定在分子筛的空腔中。通过Ｘ射线衍射原位跟踪Ｙ型分子筛的晶化过程,发现合成体系中含有金属配合物的性质及其量的多少不仅对Ｙ型分子筛的晶化有很大影响,而且使其封装或固定在分子筛中的量也有所差异。另外,以环己烷氧化为探针反应考察了ＭＬ／Ｙ的催化性能,结果表明ＭＬ／Ｙ的氧化能力来自于所封装或固定的金属配合物,其氧化能力主要取决于配合物中心离子的性质     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO2包覆的铝颜料

铝颜料是重要的金属颜料之一,当其用于水性涂料时,易被腐蚀而逐渐失去金属光泽,为了提高铝颜料的耐碱性,在乙醇/水体系中,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SiO2包覆的铝颜料,利用SEM、XRD和FTIR分析手段对其进行了表征,并考察了其耐碱性.结果表明:当体系原料H2O/NH3/TEOS的摩尔比为32.7∶4.4∶1时,SiO2可以在铝颜料表面形成致密的保护膜;铝颜料经SiO2包覆处理后,其耐碱性大大提高,在pH=11的溶液中放置60天后,没有任何H2产生,表明经SiO2包覆处理的铝颜料具有优异的耐碱性.     

Optimization of Biocompatibility for a Hydrophilic Biological Molecule Encapsulation System

Despite considerable advances in recent years, challenges in delivery and storage of biological drugs persist and may delay or prohibit their clinical application. Though nanoparticle-based approaches for small molecule drug encapsulation are mature, encapsulation of proteins remains problematic due to destabilization of the protein. Reverse micelles composed of decylmonoacyl glycerol (10MAG) and lauryldimethylamino-N-oxide (LDAO) in low-viscosity alkanes have been shown to preserve the structure and stability of a wide range of biological macromolecules. Here, we present a first step on developing this system as a future platform for storage and delivery of biological drugs by replacing the non-biocompatible alkane solvent with solvents currently used in small molecule delivery systems. Using a novel screening approach, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the 10MAG/LDAO system using two preparation methods across seven biocompatible solvents with analysis of toxicity and encapsulation efficiency for each solvent. By using an inexpensive hydrophilic small molecule to test a wide range of conditions, we identify optimal solvent properties for further development. We validate the predictions from this screen with preliminary protein encapsulation tests. The insight provided lays the foundation for further development of this system toward long-term room-temperature storage of biologics or toward water-in-oil-in-water biologic delivery systems.     

OLED薄膜干燥剂的制备及其对OLED的影响

有机电致发光显示器对水和氧气非常敏感,渗入器件后会和有机功能层及电极材料反应而影响器件的寿命及稳定性。本文提出了一种液体可涂覆干燥剂的制备方法,采用了氯化物干燥剂和价格低廉的阳离子成膜剂结合合成一种具有很好成膜性、且吸水效果很强的涂覆干燥剂。封装240 h后,使用薄膜干燥剂的器件的亮度分别为平均值的103.5%、83.3%以及119.8%,效率为平均值的130.7%、65.6%以及126.0%。与传统干燥剂相比,该薄膜干燥剂的吸湿效果更佳,且可延缓OLED的老化。     

Nonionic Dendritic and Carbohydrate Based Amphiphiles: Self‐Assembly and Transport Behavior

Herein, a new series of non‐ionic dendritic and carbohydrate based amphiphiles is synthesized employing biocompatible starting materials and studied for supramolecular aggregate formation in aqueous solution. The dendritic amphiphiles 12 and 13 possessing poly(glycerol) [G2.0] as hydrophilic unit and C‐10 and C‐18 hydrophobic alkyl chains, respectively, exhibit low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) in the order of 10⁻⁵m and hydrodynamic diameters in the 8–10 nm range and supplemented by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy suggests the effective solubilization of hydrophobic guests by the self‐assembled architectures, with the nanotransporters 12 and 13 possessing the highest encapsulation efficiency of 80.74 and 98.03% for curcumin. Efficient uptake of encapsulated curcumin in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells is observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Amphiphiles 12 and 13 are non‐cytotoxic at the concentrations studied, however, curcumin encapsulated samples efficiently reduce the viability of A549 cells in vitro. Experimental studies indicate the ability of amphiphile 13 to encapsulate 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid (ANS) and curcumin with binding constant of 1.16 × 105⁵m ⁻¹ and 1.43 × 10⁶m ⁻¹, respectively. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of these dendritic amphiphiles for the development of prospective nanocarriers for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs.     

Molecular Encapsulation of Trimeric Chromium Carboxylate Clusters in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Propylene Sorption

Oxo-bridged trimeric chromium acetate clusters [Cr₃O(OOCCH₃)₆(H₂O)₃]NO₃ have been encapsulated for the first time in the mesoporous cages of the chromium terephthalate MIL-101(Cr). The isolated clusters in MIL-101(Cr) have increased affinity towards propylene compared to propane, due to generation of a new kind of pocket-based propylene-binding site, as supported by DFT calculations.     

Complexation and Fluorescence of Tricyclic Basic Dyes Encapsulated in Cucurbiturils

Tricyclic basic dyes (proflavine, acridine orange, pyronine, pyronine Y, oxonine, thionine and methylene blue) often form one‐to‐one or two‐to‐one complexes with CB[7] and CB[8], respectively. In the case of pyronine Y, the complexes with CB[7] and CB[8] have a one‐to‐one and three‐to‐one stoichiometry, respectively. The binding constants for CB[7] complexes range from 3.07×10⁶ to 1.70×10⁷ m ^?1. In the case of CB[8], the association constant varies between 3.24×10¹³ and 2.50×10¹⁶ m ^?2. Overall, these binding constants are four orders of magnitude higher than those reported for the same dyes in β and γ‐cyclodextrins. Formation of the host–guest complexes leads to an increase in the fluorescence quantum yields in the case of CB[7], while the dimeric or trimeric dye encapsulated in CB[8] are remarkably less fluorescent than the same dye in diluted solutions.