A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

BOT 方式建设小城镇污水处理厂的探讨

介绍了BOT的基本理论及我国现有小城镇污水处理厂的现状,在此基础上,探讨了以BOT方式组建我国城镇污水处理厂的新模式.     

广州地区冲洗城市道路用水方案研究

针对目前国内外冲洗城市道路用水的现状及发展趋势,结合广州地区水资源的现状及“水质性缺水”的实际状况,以节约水资源、保障居民的身体健康为主要目的,提出采用自来水、珠江原水、处理后的珠江水和城市污水再生回用等方案,通过技术、经济、安全性的比较得出城市污水回用于城市道路冲洗更具有可行性.利用城市污水再生回用水作为冲洗城市道路、绿化、景观、洗车、冲厕等杂用水水源,是目前及将来最有效的节水途径.     

两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水

研究采用两相厌氧生物技术处理环氧树脂生产废水。试验结果表明:经过AMBR和EGSB反应器处理后,COD去除率达到91%,SS去除率达到67%;进水在产酸器AMBR反应后,pH值由6.8降至5.86,VFA由1265 mg/L升至3862 mg/L,酸化效果较好;经产甲烷器EGSB反应后,pH值和VFA分别为7.61和206 mg/L,产甲烷效果良好;经过后续工艺SBR处理后,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

Impact of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Cell Integrity of Tetradesmus obliquus and Seed Germination

Microalgae have almost unlimited applications due to their versatility and robustness to grow in different environmental conditions, their biodiversity and variety of valuable bioactive compounds. Wastewater can be used as a low-cost and readily available medium for microalgae, while the latter removes the pollutants to produce clean water. Nevertheless, since the most valuable metabolites are mainly located inside the microalga cell, their release implies rupturing the cell wall. In this study, Tetradesmus obliquus grown in 5% piggery effluent was disrupted using high-pressure homogenization (HPH). Effects of HPH pressure (100, 300, and 600 bar) and cycles (1, 2 and 3) were tested on the membrane integrity and evaluated using flow cytometry and microscopy. In addition, wheat seed germination trials were carried out using the biomass at different conditions. Increased HPH pressure or number of cycles led to more cell disruption (75% at 600 bar and 3 cycles). However, the highest increase in wheat germination and growth (40–45%) was observed at the lowest pressure (100 bar), where only 46% of the microalga cells were permeabilised, but not disrupted. Non-treated T. obliquus cultures also revealed an enhancing effect on root and shoot length (up to 40%). The filtrate of the initial culture also promoted shoot development compared to water (21%), reinforcing the full use of all the process fractions. Thus, piggery wastewater can be used to produce microalgae biomass, and mild HPH conditions can promote cell permeabilization to release sufficient amounts of bioactive compounds with the ability to enhance plant germination and growth, converting an economic and environmental concern into environmentally sustainable applications.     

The Utilization of Algae and Seaweed Biomass for Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Wastewater

The presence of heavy metals in water bodies is linked to the increasing number of industries and populations. This has serious consequences for the quality of human health and the environment. In accordance with this issue, water and wastewater treatment technologies including ion exchange, chemical extraction, and hydrolysis should be conducted as a first water purification stage. However, the sequestration of these toxic substances tends to be expensive, especially for large scale treatment methods that require tedious control and have limited efficiency. Therefore, adsorption methods using adsorbents derived from biomass represent a promising alternative due to their great efficiency and abundance. Algal and seaweed biomass has appeared as a sustainable solution for environmentally friendly adsorbent production. This review further discusses recent developments in the use of algal and seaweed biomass as potential sorbent for heavy metal bioremediation. In addition, relevant aspects like metal toxicity, adsorption mechanism, and parameters affecting the completion of adsorption process are also highlighted. Overall, the critical conclusion drawn is that algae and seaweed biomass can be used to sustainably eliminate heavy metals from wastewater.     

纳滤-反渗透技术用于高盐废水中NaCl的回收

为了实现高盐废水中NaCl的回收,采用纳滤-反渗透双膜串级组合工艺,处理NaCl和Na2 SO4的混合模拟废水,考察了浓度配比、操作压力、流速及温度等工艺参数对膜分离效果的影响,并确定出了最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明:在最佳工艺参数下,经纳滤和反渗透分离后的反渗透浓缩液中,[NaCl]/[Na2SO4]≥41.45,可实...     

IC+SBR处理抗生素废水脱氮效果研究

采用IC+SBR组合工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水,结果表明,抗生素废水进入IC反应器后,得到有效的水解发酵,将有机氮充分转化为氨氮,厌氧出水经过SBR反应器处理后出水氨氮质量浓度降低到30 mg/L,有时甚至在20 mg/L以下,去除率高达80%,出水水质良好.     

城市给水和污水系统:历史、现状和未来

回顾了城市水系统及其管理思想的发展历史;分析了传统的集中式城市水系统的缺点和局限性:城市水环境和水文循环的破坏、污水处理的困难、巨大的资金需求和建设周期的漫长;指出了现代和未来城市水系统管理所面临的挑战和发展机遇:干旱和洪涝灾害、城市化加剧、技术的进步和组织管理上的需求;阐述了未来城市水系统管理的思想,即必须用整体论的思想作指导,实行节约用水,实行全球性的资金、技术和经验的共享。这种思想给中国城市水系统的管理和改革以重要启迪。     

三相流化床电极反应器深度处理制浆废水

应用三相流化床电极反应器(新型电化学反应器)处理制浆废水.研究了曝气量、槽电压、溶液pH值及FeSO4浓度等因素对电解效果的影响.结果表明,该反应器深度处理制浆废水的最佳工艺条件为:槽电压20 V,曝气量为0.3 m3.h-1,FeSO4浓度为1000 mg.L-1,pH值≈2.5,反应时间为90 m in时COD去除率为70.1%.