A New Neutral Carrier for Silver Ions Based on a Bis(Thiothiazole) Derivative and its Evaluation in Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes based on 2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole), DTBBT, as a neutral carrier for silver ions are described. Silver-selective membrane electrodes formulated with 2wt% DTBBT ionophore and 50mol% TFPB in an FPNPE plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) exhibited near-Nernstian responses towards silver ions (60.3±0.5mVdecade^–1) over a wide silver ion activity range of 0.83µM to 94mM. Increasing the amount of anionic sites, TFPB, to 100 or 150mol% (relative to the DTBBT weight) resulted in super-Nernstian responses toward silver ions. Membrane electrodes prepared using a low dielectric constant plasticizer, however, exhibited sub-Nernstian responses. Polymer membrane electrodes with optimal composition (i.e., 2wt% DTBBT, 50mol% TFPB in FPNPE plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)) exhibited high potentiometric selectivity towards silver ions over alkali, alkaline earth, transition metal ions, as well as heavy metal ions such as Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺. A good correlation was found between the potentiometric selectivity coefficients and the change in the UV-visible spectra of the ionophore upon exposure to different metal ions. The overall performance of the silver-selective membrane electrodes based on DTBBT ionophore, which is available at low cost, was found to be comparable to the performance of silver electrodes prepared with Fluka silver ionophore-IV. A DTBBT-based silver electrode was used as an indicator electrode for titrations of silver ions using standard sodium chloride solutions. Sharp inflections occur at the end point, and the data obtained showed 99.4% recovery with a standard deviation of 0.7% (n=3). In addition, the applicability of the DTBBT-based silver-selective electrode is illustrated by measuring the silver concentrations in natural water spiked with silver nitrate and by analyzing the silver in electroplating wastewater samples. The results obtained utilizing a DTBBT-based silver electrode showed very good agreement with the standard methods of analysis.     

Pretreatment of swine wastewater using anaerobic filter

Efforts were made to assess the efficiency of an anaerobic filter packed with porous floating ceramic media and to identify the optimum operational condition of anaerobic filter as a pretreatment of swine wastewater for the subsequent biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. A stepwise decrease in hydraulic retention time (HRT) and an increase in organic loading rate (OLR) were utilized in an anaerobic filter reactor at mesophilic temperature (35°C). The optimum operating condition of the anaerobic filter was found to be at an HRT of 1 d. A soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 62% and a total suspended solids removal efficiency of 39% at an HRT of 1 d were achieved with an OLR of 16.0 kg total COD/(m³·d), respectively. The maximum methane production rate approached 1.70 vol of biogas produced per volume of reactor per day at an HRT of 1 d. It was likely that the effluent COD/total Kjeldahl nitrogen ratio, of 22, the COD/total phosphorous ratio of 47, and the high effluent alkalinity >2500 mg/L as CaCO₃ of the anaerobic filter operated at an HRT of 1 d was adequate for the subsequent biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.     

Treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, Alcaligenes sp. MMRR7

Physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [COD]: 5095 mg/L), an acidic pH (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [MPN]>1100). The various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as Sporolactobacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Proteus sp., as per the Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Among the five selected bacterial strains, the strain designated as MMRR₇ and identified as Alcaligenes sp. was found to give a maximum reduction in COD (62%) in 5 d of incubation. Chemical coagulation using alum at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL was found to be effective in the primary treatment of the effluent. Studies on free-cell treatment of the coagulated effluent with the selected bacterial strain Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ gave a maximum COD reduction of 91% in 120 h. This study clearly indicates the possibility of using Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ for the effective treatment of dairy wastewater.     

亚铁法处理大型高炉煤气洗涤水中氰化物的实验研究

采用亚铁法处理高炉煤气洗涤水，并用正交实验设计方法设计实验。根据正交实验结果分析和单因素实验得出：硫酸亚铁可以有效除去高炉煤气洗涤水中的氰化物；最佳反应条件为：T=30℃，pH=6，α=3．5，t，=40min，td=35min；影响因素顺序为：r〉α〉pH〉td〉tr。     

电生成Fenton试剂处理工业印染废水的中试研究

对电生成Fenton试剂处理实际工业印染废水进行了中试型实验，并对其实际的处理费用进行了简单的计算．实验发现：本技术可以有效处理工业印染废水，CODCr率在80％以上，脱色率达到95％，处理费用在1．17元／m^3，具有很好的实际应用价值和市场前景。     

乳化液废水处理方法

针对某钢管公司的乳化液废水，采用“破乳—气浮—活性炭吸附”的物理化学工艺，选用W25和NaOH做破乳剂，其出水水质达到二级排放标准。     

新型高分子絮凝剂处理含油废水的研究

利用新型高分子絮凝剂聚酰胺胺类 (polyam idoam ine PAMAM)树形分子对油田含油废水处理进行研究 .研究表明 :该絮凝剂在用量非常低的情况下 (15～ 2 0 m g· L- 1 ) ,除油效果明显 ,废水含油量从处理前 32 0 m g· L- 1降至处理后 1mg· L- 1 ;该絮凝剂与天然高分子助凝剂 (可溶性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素等 )配合使用效果更好 ,用量可降低到 5 mg· L- 1 .     

论对环境因素全方位的控制

从资源，固体废弃物，废水、废气，绿树、绿地等方面阐述了只有对环境因素进行全方位控制，才能实现最佳物业管理服务效用，创造优美、舒适、温馨的社区环境。     

大型土石方机械与车辆柴油机排放控制研究

针对大型土石方机械与车辆柴油机的碳烟、NOx等有害气体排放，尝试着用排放后处理措施及燃油乳化等化学方法进行控制，并在6110型柴油机车辆上进行了台车试验，试验结果显示，NOx等有害气体均有一定程度的降低。     

有机废水厌氧发酵产氢技术的现状与发展

采用厌氧发酵产氢技术处理有机废水产生氢气,并且实现工业化生产的研究在国内外受到广泛关注。文章归纳分析了国内外的厌氧发酵生物产氢原理、厌氧发酵产氢途径及厌氧发酵产氢影响因素,如产氢菌株、基质产氢潜能和外部环境等因素,并总结厌氧产氢数学模式,提出研究与应用中存在的主要问题,最后对该技术的应用发展前景进行了探讨。