基于声辐射控制的驾驶室内声场优化

针对板结构的声辐射控制,在小振幅简谐振动情况下,以声辐射模态、直接边界元理论为基础,分析得出结构表面法向振速幅值是影响板结构声辐射功率和辐射声压的主要因素.以某挖掘机驾驶室为例,建立考虑座椅的驾驶室声学边界元模型,通过对板件声功率贡献分析,确定驾驶员右耳处主要峰值频率下声功率贡献突出的板件区域.针对声功率贡献突出的板件,以各板件表面法向振速均方根值的加权值最小为目标函数,建立优化数学模型,进行声场优化.结果表明,多个目标频率下声压响应峰值都有显著的下降.因此,采用所提出的优化方法可有效地控制驾驶室内辐射声场,具有显著的降噪效果.     

高层结构非线性地震反应分析

从国内外地震记录库中挑选出2条具有丰富长周期信息的长周期地震波,利用正交化 HHT法对2条地震波进行时频特征分析计算,同时以2条常用地震波为参照,进行时频特征的比对分析。然后,以一实际高层结构为例,利用 ANSYS 有限元软件建立有限元数值模型,分别以前4条地震波为输入,进行该高层结构的非线性动力反应分析。结果表明：高层结构对不同类型地震波的过滤作用不同,对长周期地震波的过滤作用更加明显;长周期地震波作用下的结构响应明显大于普通地震波作用下的结构响应,其中位移响应较加速度响应明显。     

物联网中重复博弈论入侵检测模型

由于物联网通信节点自身的缺陷,导致现有的安全方法难于应用到物联网中。针对这一情况,提出基于重复博弈论的入侵检测模型。建立一种用于检测恶意通信节点的重复博弈模型算法,使模型应用更符合实际情况,结合随机最优反应均衡算法优化模型使结果能更适应实际网络并且能趋于纳什均衡,并引入一种通用惩罚策略,刺激通信节点之间采取合作策略,提高模型发包成功率。通过对模型算法进行实验仿真,表明该模型能够有效地遏制恶意节点的攻击,提高网络效率。     

Interaction between excitons determines the non-linear response of nanocrystals

The non-linear response of semiconductor quantum dots is investigated using three-pulse photon echo peak shift (3PEPS) experiments and simulations. The third-order non-linear response is modeled by a three-level system, utilizing Brownian oscillators to model the line-broadening functions. Our results show that biexciton formation and exciton–exciton scattering significantly influence the non-linear response of quantum dots. The exciton to biexciton excited state absorption pathways are also investigated for quantum dots with different crystal structures. Our calculations suggest that the probability of excited state absorption to the biexcitonic state is higher for zinc-blende structured nanocrystals.     

The effect of imposed flux on biofouling in reverse osmosis: Role of concentration polarisation and biofilm enhanced osmotic pressure phenomena

This paper describes a systematic study of biofouling in reverse osmosis process using model bacteria of Pseudomonas fluorescens and employing a sodium chloride tracer response technique for fouling characterization. It was found that the growth of biofilm at constant flux following initial bacteria colonization of the membrane surface increased with imposed flux. The rationale was that biofilm growth was nutrient dependent, where the nutrient availability at the membrane wall was controlled by the magnitude of concentration polarization, which is driven by flux. The salt tracer response showed that the biofouling comprised a hydraulic resistance and induced an enhanced osmotic pressure phenomenon; known as the biofilm enhanced osmotic pressure (BEOP) effect [M. Herzberg, M. Elimelech, Biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes: role of biofilm-enhanced osmotic pressure, Journal of Membrane Science 295 (2007) 11–20], due to hindered back diffusion of solutes through the tortuous path of the heterogeneous structure of the biofilm. For the conditions studied, the contribution of BEOP to transmembrane pressure increase was greater than the hydraulic resistance.     

Magnetic solid-phase extraction of warfarin and gemfibrozil in biological samples using polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles via core-shell nanostructure

Herein, polydopamine-coated Fe₃O₄ spheres were synthesized using a very simple, easy, cost-effective, efficient, and fast method. First, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were synthesized and were followed by accommodating polydopamine on the surface of the prepared Fe₃O₄. The prepared polydopamine-coated Fe₃O₄ spheres were utilized as a sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and warfarin (as the model analytes). The extracted model analytes were desorbed by a suitable organic solvent and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 0.1–200.0 μg/L for the selected analytes in water. The limits of detection were calculated to be in the range of 0.026–0.055 μg/L for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. The limits of quantification were calculated to be in the range of 0.089–0.185 μg/L. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were determined to be in the range of 1.4%–3.3% in three concentrations in order to calculate the method precision. Furthermore, the enrichment factors were found to be 78 and 81 for warfarin and gemfibrozil, respectively. Moreover, the calculated absolute recoveries were between 78% and 81%. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples.     

An overview of techniques and strategies for isolation of flavonoids from the genus Erythrina

Plants in the genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, one of which is flavonoids, which have diverse bioactivities. To date, literature on the flavonoids from the genus Erythrina has only highlighted the phytochemical aspects, so this review article will discuss isolation techniques and strategies for the first time. More than 420 flavonoids have been reported in the Erythrina genus, which are grouped into 17 categories. These flavonoid compounds were obtained through isolation techniques and strategies using polar, semi-polar, and non-polar solvents. Various chromatographic techniques have been developed to isolate flavonoids using column flash chromatography, quick column chromatography, centrifugally accelerated thin-layer chromatography, radial chromatography, medium-pressure column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic processes for isolating flavonoids can be optimized using multivariate statistical applications such as response surface methodology with central composite design, Box–Behnken design, Doehlert design, and mixture design.     

波浪作用下管线-海床模型动态响应及液化

基于Biot动力方程,利用COMSOL多物理场有限元计算软件构建了波浪-海床-管线动力响应的计算模型,模拟了一阶斯托克斯波作用下管线周围土体孔压和有效应力分布情况,对海床土体的液化情况进行判断,研究了波浪诱发海床液化及管线失稳的机理.研究过程中采用Partly dynamic动力方程(u-p模式).在Partly dynamic模型中,将海床视为多孔弹性介质,并且将孔压和位移视为场变量,考虑土体位移加速度,忽略孔隙流体惯性项的作用.模型得到验证后的参数研究表明:土体渗透系数、饱和度以及管线埋深、波高等参数对海床的孔压和有效应力影响显著.     

拉深翻边复合成形工艺参数多目标优化设计

通过对拉深翻边复合成形工艺设计中的失稳方式进行理论分析和模拟仿真,建立了破裂、起皱和厚度不均3个目标函数.针对各成形质量目标相互关联而无法同时达到最优的特点,提出一种基于多目标优化技术的综合优化方法.以空调外机面板为例,经试验设计和基于Matlab的数据处理技术构建响应面模型,采用改进的快速分类非支配遗传算法对模型进行全局寻优,获得了一组最小化成形缺陷的非劣解集.结果表明,该多目标优化模型具有较好的优化效果和工程实用性.     

便携式分光光度法快速测定水中铅方法研究

对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中铅的方法进行了优化和比对研究.通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对不同便携式分光光度计的优势进行了比较,为突发性环境污染事故应急监测选择合适的监测仪器提供了技术参考.结果表明:JH916检测仪快速测定水中铅的方法检出限(0.003 mg/L)低于ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和PORS-15V光谱仪的方法检出限(分别为0.2 mg/L和0.4 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH916检测仪具有相对较高的灵敏度.JH916检测仪和PORS-15V光谱仪快速测定水中铅的方法精密度相近,其测试结果相对标准偏差(RSD)均未超过7.5%,ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差(RSD)最大值为20%.3种便携式分光光度计测定实际样品时,加标回收率分别为84%~115%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、81%~118%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、90%~117%(JH916检测仪),表明3种便携式分光光度计均有相对较好的准确度.3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测试结果相对偏差较大,最大相对偏差分别为22%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、11%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、-26%(JH916检测仪).