健康城市视角下应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略

结合中国城市应对新冠肺炎疫情的成功经验及缺憾,以创造健康、宜居、韧性、生态的城市环境为目标,设计"区域—系统—节点"三类健康城市设计路径;提出"生态健康—生活健康—治愈健康—环境健康—设施健康—救治健康"六位一体应对突发公共事件的城市设计策略,并细化为健康城市在城市空间上的形象化设计表达.     

应急设计框架:卫星总体方案设计

以卫星有效载荷总体方案变型设计为背景,探讨在人为或自然灾害的非正常情况下的应急设计方法．首先给出应急设计系统定义,然后给出实现应急设计基本依据：一是基于演化算法、Agent、人机结合和协同设计理论;二是仿蚁群社会应急行为．本系统的关键是,构造基干人与演化算法相结合的Agent（human—computer cooperation Agent,HC—Agent）,进而基于混合P2P网络模型构成多HC—Agent的协同设计系统,以使该应急设计系统具有抗干扰、自适应、快速响应的设计能力．     

Chickpeas from a Chilean Region Affected by a Climate-Related Catastrophe: Effects of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Flavonoid Composition

The Valparaiso region in Chile was decreed a zone affected by catastrophe in 2019 as a consequence of one of the driest seasons of the last 50 years. In this study, three varieties (‘Alfa-INIA’, ‘California-INIA’, and one landrace, ‘Local Navidad’) of kabuli-type chickpea seeds produced in 2018 (control) and 2019 (climate-related catastrophe, hereafter named water stress) were evaluated for their grain yield. Furthermore, the flavonoid profile of both free and esterified phenolic extracts was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the concentration of the main flavonoid, biochanin A, was determined using liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The grain yield was decreased by up to 25 times in 2019. The concentration of biochanin A was up to 3.2 times higher in samples from the second season (water stress). This study demonstrates that water stress induces biosynthesis of biochanin A. However, positive changes in the biochanin A concentration are overshadowed by negative changes in the grain yield. Therefore, water stress, which may be worsened by climate change in the upcoming years, may jeopardize both the production of chickpeas and the supply of biochanin A, a bioactive compound that can be used to produce dietary supplements and/or nutraceuticals.     

基于资源数据库的黑龙江省公路交通应急指挥系统

在分析了黑龙江省公路交通应急指挥工作中存在数据支持不足、直观性不强和信息通道不畅等问题的基础上,提出了一个公路交通应急指挥系统资源数据库构建的方案,为以后公路交通应急事件的处理提供了信息支持。资源数据库主要由5个辅助数据库、信息共享平台以及其应用功能模块所构成。     

Assessing contaminated hydrogen peroxide for safe storage and transportation using the FTAI

Hydrogen peroxide is a very versatile oxidizing agent, and it is also environmentally compatible considering that the products of its exothermic decomposition are oxygen and water.When kept in a clean temperature-controlled environment, the self-reaction (decomposition) rate is extremely low. However, it is well known that even a small amount of contamination will dramatically increase the reaction rate. This paper describes the use of the fast thermal activity interpreter (FTAI) instrument to examine the chemical reactivity of commercially available 50% hydrogen peroxide at two different temperatures (30 and 40°C) both with and without contamination. The results show that at 30°C a small amount of rust (330 ppm) increases the reaction rate of 50% hydrogen peroxide by a factor of 50. When the temperature is increased to 40°C, the reaction rate is further increased by almost a factor of four. The implication for reactivity management is that at this contamination level most practical vessel sizes would require emergency venting capability. An evaluation was then performed to determine the emergency venting requirement for the safe transportation or storage of the contaminated hydrogen peroxide. It was determined that for quantities of the material less than 5 gallons, conventional breather vents would be sufficient to accommodate the gas evolved. However, for larger quantities, a safety relief device would be needed. For example, for a 400-gallon tote bin at 40°C the required minimum vent area is estimated to be 4.3 in², corresponding to a minimum vent diameter of 2.3 inches.     

乏燃料贮存格架跌落事故冲击分析和试验验证

乏燃料贮存格架是核电厂贮存乏燃料的重要设备,在满载条件下和地震/跌落事故中,都应保持稳定和安全状态．本文基于LS-DYNA对乏燃料贮存格架进行了跌落事故冲击分析,考虑了最重重物从可能最高处意外跌落的情况．分析时考虑了碰撞、几何大变形、材料非线性等非线性因素．分析发现,浅跌落情况下贮存格架变形较大,但为局部变形,冲击载荷不影响贮存格架的安全功能．深跌落情况下,组件跌落在支座上方时支座承受的载荷最大,并在许用载荷范围内．为确保核电厂安全性和可靠性,基于分析得到的现象,设计和开展了乏燃料贮存格架浅跌落和深跌落试验．试验采用了等比例贮存腔和真实燃料组件的管座．同时对试验件进行了跌落分析,并与试验结果进行了对比,验证了分析技术的保守性和准确性．掌握的分析技术可应用于所有压水堆核电站乏燃料贮存格架的跌落事故分析．     

突发事件下应急物资多目标优化调度模型与算法研究：以新冠肺炎疫情为例

突发事件下应急物资调度具有高度不确定性与动态性,应急物资跨区域调度计划能否科学合理制定对应急救援的有效开展具有重要影响。以武汉市新冠肺炎疫情为例,考虑应急物资跨区域调配的时效差异、地域分散以及资金消耗等要素,建立多周期下包含软硬需求时间窗约束的多物资品种、运输方式的跨区域三级动态物资调度网络模型,并设计一种带变异操作的动态变惯性权重自适应粒子群算法(VDCWPSO),利用疫情算例验证该算法的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明,在保障应急物资供应时效性、公平性、经济性原则下,物资跨区域调度可以缓解资源严重短缺状况、提高医用物资利用率,研究可为突发事件下应急物资调度计划的制定与动态调整提供决策支持。     

资源受限下森林火灾应急救援多目标调度优化

许多森林火灾由于救援资源受限而不能在第一时间扑灭,导致火灾扩大蔓延,进而造成更大的森林资源损失。因此,在救援资源受限情形下,如何对消防救援车辆进行合理的调度安排以快速和低成本地扑灭火灾已成为亟待解决的现实问题。本文研究了一类资源受限下森林火灾应急救援多目标调度优化问题,为该问题构建了多目标混合整数非线性规划模型,优化目标为同时最小化总灭火救援时间和救援车辆总行驶距离。为有效求解该问题,首先将上述非线性模型等价转化为线性模型。然后提出ε-约束法和模糊逻辑相结合的算法对问题进行求解。最后,以大兴安岭山发生的火灾案例和随机生成仿真算例对模型和算法有效性进行验证,结果表明所提出的模型和算法能够有效解决资源受限下森林火灾应急救援问题,并为决策者提供最优的消防调度方案。     

学校体育伤害事故的预防

学校体育中发生伤害事故是不可避免的，事故原因复杂多样。如何预防伤害事故的发生，保证学校体育各项活动顺利进行是学校、教师、家长所共同关注的问题。本文从学校、教师、学生三方面的预防措施进行阐述，从而确保减少甚至杜绝伤害事故的发生。     

青藏铁路职工健康监护管理系统开发

在对应急管理系统的需求分析、体系结构、系统功能等进行详细研究的基础上，遵循面向对象的软件工程思想，按照统一软件开发过程，结合基于Web的软件开发技术，建立了基于Java和AJAX构架、具有Ⅳ层分布式体系结构的系统。统计青藏铁路线上的每个职工的各项体检数据，建立专家分析库，并利用专家库中的规则对其进行分析，评估职工的健康程度，从而判断出该名职工是否可以在高原上工作，同时预测出哪个工作群体属于高危群体。除完成上述功能外，该系统还运用设施区位理论，对沿线的医疗设施进行合理布局，实现当有病患出现时的最优调度，从而达到对青藏铁路沿线职工的健康进行监测、生命安全进行保障的目的。