Chemical Solution Deposition of ZnO Thin Films by an Aqueous Solution Gel Precursor Route

An aqueous chemical solution deposition method was used to prepare thin films of ZnO on SiO₂/Si (1 1 1) substrates. Starting from an aqueous solution of Zn acetate, citric acid and ammonia, very thin films could be deposited by spin coating. Heating parameters, necessary for thin film annealing, were determined using FTIR experiments on dried gel precursors, heated up to different temperatures. The morphology and the thickness of the films were investigated by SEM. It is found that homogeneous thin films with grain sizes of about 20 nm are formed. XRD experiments show that there is an indication that the films, crystallized at 500°C, exhibit preferential grain growth along the c-axis.     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of H2O2 and Oxygen on the Surface of Thionin Incorporated onto MWCNTs Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: Application to Glucose Detection

A new H₂O₂ enzymeless sensor has been fabricated by incorporation of thionin onto multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode. First 50 μL of acetone solution containing dispersed MWCNTs was pipetted onto the surface of GC electrode, then, after solvent evaporations, the MWCNTs modified GC electrode was immersed into an aqueous solution of thionin (electroless deposition) for a short period of time <5–50 s. The adsorbed thin film of thionin was found to facilitate the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in the absence of peroxidase enzyme. Also the modified electrode shows excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction at reduced overpotential. The rotating modified electrode shows excellent analytical performance for amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide, at reduced overpotentials. Typical calibration at ?0.3 V vs. reference electrode, Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl, shows a detection limit of 0.38 μM, a sensitivity of 11.5 nA/μM and a liner range from 20 μM to 3.0 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by covering a thin film of sol–gel composite containing glucose oxides on the surface of thionin/MWCNTs modified GC electrode. The biosensor can be used successfully for selective detection of glucose based on the decreasing of cathodic peak current of oxygen. The detection limit, sensitivity and liner calibration rang were 1 μM, 18.3 μA/mM and 10 μM–6.0 mM, respectively. In addition biosensor can reach 90% of steady currents in about 3.0 s and interference effect of the electroactive existing species (ascorbic acid–uric acid and acetaminophen) is eliminated. The usefulness of biosensor for direct glucose quantification in human blood serum matrix is also discussed. This sensor can be used as an amperometric detector for monitoring oxidase based biosensors.     

Highly Sensitive Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Glassy Carbon Electrode with Copper/Palladium Coating

A highly sensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilizing glucose oxidase in electropolymerized poly(o‐phenylenediamine) film on glassy carbon electrode coated sequentially with copper and palladium layers has been developed. The steady‐state amperometric response to glucose was determined by means of the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic reaction at a potential of either +0.70 or +0.40 V (vs. Ag|AgCl reference). The deposited copper/palladium layer showed great enhancement in the performance of the enzyme electrode, possibly due to its better electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide oxidation and large surface area. Effects of the relative loading of palladium, enzyme and polymer on the electrode performance were examined in detail. Sensitivity and detection limit for glucose determinations at +0.70 V were about 7.3 μA/mM and 0.1 μM, respectively. A wide linear range up to 6.0 mM glucose could be achieved. Electrode performance was superior to similar works reported in the literature. The response time was less than 2 s and its lifetime was longer than three months. The permeable polyphenylenediamine film also offered good anti‐interference ability to ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen, especially when a detection potential of +0.40 V was employed.     

锡在金电极上的欠电位单层沉积的分析应用

用循环伏安法研究了Sn2 在金盘电极上的欠电位沉积.在特别提纯的1 mol/L HCl支持电解质溶液中,Sn2 在金盘电极上可以产生清晰的欠电位沉积峰和本体沉积峰.基于Au/Sn欠电位体系优良的电化学特性,发展了一种选择性好、灵敏度高的电化学分析方法.Sn2 浓度在1.96×10-10～2.91×10-s mol/L范围内与峰电流有线性关系.连续7次测定1.0×10-9 mol/L Sn2 得到的相对标准偏差为5.06%.该方法已用于实际样品的测定,所得结果与原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)所得数据相吻合.     

方波脉冲电沉积氧化锌薄膜的研究

以0.1mol·dm-3的Zn(NO3)2水溶液为电解质溶液,以99.9%Zn片作阳极,采用方波脉冲电流法在氧化锡铟(ITO)导电玻璃基底上阴极电沉积,得到了透明的ZnO薄膜.采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和荧光光谱技术,测试了薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学特性.用同样方法在多孔硅衬底上电沉积ZnO薄膜,经过1000℃氧气氛下热处理1h,在紫外光照射下可发射强绿色荧光.     

Fe3+离子在低品位铜矿生物浸出中的行为分析

生物浸出中容易产生铁矾而影响目的矿物的浸出速度。文中就这一问题，围绕与Fe^3 有关的各种因素进行了详细分析，旨在充分发挥Fe^3 离子的氧化作用，又尽量减少其产生的负面影响。分析表明，在驯化适应低酸条件下浸矿细菌的基础上，合理调配酸性介质pH值、铁浓度、细菌氧化活性、氧化还原电位Ek值之间的关系，能使铁产生的沉淀降到最小化。     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸水溶液

用常压化学气相沉积法镀TiO2薄膜,以紫外灯为光源,对二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸溶液进行光催化降解,并证实了此过程符合一级反应动力学方程。结果表明:卤代度以及不同的半导体化合物底物均对二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸溶液的降解有影响,卤代度低的二氯乙酸比卤代度高的三氯乙酸降解效果要好;同样条件下半导体的带隙能越低,降解效果越好。     

超声波法合成三烷基硼及其裂解制备碳化硼

在超声波作用下采用一步合成法分别制备三乙基硼、三丙基硼和三丁基硼;考察超声波作用对合成产物产率的影响,用红外光谱及元素分析表征合成产物的结构;以合成的三乙基硼、三丙基硼和三丁基硼为原料通过热裂解制备纯度较高的碳化硼超硬材料;讨论不同原料和裂解温度对合成产物中C含量的影响.研究结果表明:以三乙基硼为原料在温度为1 400K进行裂解时,其裂解产物中B4C,B2O3和裂解自由碳的含量分别为94.0%,2.2%和3.8%.     

硅表面双聚体空位附近原子沉积的理论研究

采用经验紧束缚近似方法模拟重构硅(100)表面单个双聚体空位(SDV)附近的单个硅原子的沉积行为，根据绘制的SDV附近附加能量差异的三维及投影图，确定了沉积束缚点和一些鞍点，并研究其可能的扩散路径。     

金属基体表面热熔敷玻璃涂层耐蚀性研究

利用斑点试验、点蚀试验、电化学测试及扫描电镜等方法 ,研究了熔敷温度、保温时间和稀土添加量等工艺参数对热熔敷法制备的玻璃涂层耐蚀性的影响 ,探讨了添加稀土提高玻璃涂层耐蚀性的机理。试验结果表明 ,采用热熔敷法制备的玻璃涂层有较好的耐蚀性。随着熔敷温度的提高和保温时间的延长 ,形成了一定量的晶相后会降低涂层的耐蚀性。试验结果表明 ,熔敷温度为 70 0℃、保温 5min后能够得到耐蚀性良好的玻璃涂层。添加稀土提高了釉料的软化温度和熔融釉料的粘度 ,阻止了结晶形核和晶核长大 ,减少了晶相 ,同时提高了涂层的电极电位 ,使涂层耐蚀性显著提高。当稀土含量为 2 %时 ,涂层的耐蚀性较好。