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41.
张益才 《湖南大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,16(2)
用光束就是光子流的观点不能够解释光的干涉,用电子束就是电子流的观点也不能解释电子的干涉,唯有用微观粒子的几率幅能够圆满地解释其干涉.因而,干涉可以理解为是两个几率幅之间的干涉.所以,从干涉实验来看,量子理论的最基本的概念,或者说,微观粒子的本性,应当是几率幅,而不是波粒二象性. 相似文献
42.
Alain Messager 《Journal of statistical physics》2002,106(3-4):785-810
The Falicov–Kimball (FK) model(1) involves two types of interacting particles: first the itinerant spinless electrons are quantum particles, secondly the static ions are classical particles. It is striking to see that, despite the simplicity of its hamiltonian, the phase diagram of the FK model is highly sophisticated, moreover it remains in great part conjectural. An antiferromagnetic phase transition was proven for the FK model on a square lattice in the seminal paper of T. Kennedy and E. Lieb.(2) This result was extended by Lebowitz and Macris(3) to small magnetic field. Then the same result was obtained by using a new method.(4) The main results of this paper concerns the two dimensional FK model on a square lattice, for which we apply the general results contained in ref. 5. First there exists an effective hamiltonian which is a long range many body Ising model, and which governs the behaviour of the ions. Secondly we compute explicitly the truncated effective hamiltonian up to the fourth order w.r.t. a small parameter (the inverse of the on site energy). Finally we use the classical Pirogov–Sinai theory, to get the hierarchy of the phase diagrams up to the fourth order. More precisely, we show that, when the chemical potential varies, the FK model exhibits, at low temperature, a sequence of phase transitions: first between phases of period two, then of period three, then of period four, and finally of period five. In each case the completeness of the phase diagram is proved. This paper supports the conjecture that the phase diagram of the FK model contains periodic phases outside of a Cantor set. 相似文献
43.
Alain Messager 《Journal of statistical physics》2002,106(3-4):723-783
We study a large class F
of models of the quantum statistical mechanics dealing with two types of particles. First the spinless electrons are quantum particles obeying to the Fermi statistics, they can hop. Secondly the ions which cannot move, are classical particles. The Falicov–Kimball (FK) model(1) is a well known model belonging to F, for which the existence of an antiferomagnetic phase transition was proven in the seminal paper of Kennedy and Lieb.(2) This result was extended by Lebowitz and Macris.(3) A new approach to this problem based on quantum selection of the ground states was proposed in ref. 4. In this paper we extend this approach to show that, under the strong insulating condition, any hamiltonian of the class F admits, at every temperature, an effective hamiltonian, which governs the behaviour of the ions interacting through forces mediated by the electrons. The effective hamiltonians are long range many body Ising hamiltonians, which can be computed by a cluster expansion expressed in term of the quantum fluctuations. Our main result is that we can apply the powerfull results of the classical statistical mechanics to our quantum models. In particular we can use the classical Pirogov–Sinai theory to establish a hierarchy of phase diagrams, we can also study of the behaviour of the quantum inter- faces,(29) and so on... 相似文献
44.
45.
在教材和教学中讲到原子相结合的原因时 ,应强调元素的原子倾向于能量最低 ,结构稳定 ,而不能仅用“八隅律”来解释。 相似文献
46.
A. Gopalan J. Bömmels S. Götte A. Landwehr K. Franz M.-W. Ruf H. Hotop K. Bartschat 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,22(1):17-29
A novel electron scattering apparatus for high resolution studies of angle-differential elastic and inelastic electron scattering
from atoms and molecules in the gas phase is described and its performance characterized. It combines a laser photoelectron
source, a triply differentially pumped collimated supersonic beam target (half angle 0.015 rad, background to beam density
ratio < 0.01), and several electron multipliers for simultaneous detection of elastically scattered electrons and metastable atoms (or
molecules) due to inelastic scattering. In detailed test measurements of the yield for the production of metastable He*(23S1) atoms around its threshold, the dependence of the overall energy width on various experimental parameters has been investigated.
So far a resolution down to 7 meV (FWHM) has been obtained. Under such conditions we have investigated the profile of the
He- (1
s
2
s
2
2
S
1/2
) resonance at the scattering angles 22
°
, 45
°
, and 90
°
. From a consistent fit of the measured profiles by resonant scattering theory we determine a new value for the resonance
energy ( E
r
= 19.365(1) eV) and an accurate resonance width ( Γ = 11.2(5) meV). These results are consistent with the previously recommended values.
Received 23 July 2002 Published online 29 October 2002
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: hotop@physik.uni-kl.de
RID="b"
ID="b"Permanent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA. 相似文献
47.
S. Y. Yousif Al-Mulla 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,42(1):11-14
Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons from the
ground states of
copper for the configuration 3d10 4s and the excitation state 2D
with the configuration 3d9 4s2
have been calculated. Local density approximations to the exchange and
correlation potentials
have been used in these calculations, and it is confirmed that Hara exchange
coupled with a
Hedin-Lundqvist electron-gas-type correlation potential joined to an
adiabatic polarization
potential gives good predictions for differential cross sections.
A comparison of the calculated results with other experimental and
theoretical data are presented and discussed. 相似文献
48.
H. Totsuji 《等离子体物理论文集》2012,52(1):74-77
The conduction of electrons through narrow channels formed on the surface of liquid helium is analyzed by numerical simulations. It is shown that, when electrons are strongly coupled, we have nonlinear and even negative dependence of conductance on the width of the constriction which is controlled by the gate voltage (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
49.
In the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation spectrum of doped InAs/AlSb structures, high-amplitude peaks are established at combination
frequencies. It is demonstrated that they are caused by a significant contribution of intersubband scattering to the processes
of electron-electron interaction.
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 32–38, December, 2008. 相似文献
50.
G.F.HannePhysikalisches Institut der Universitat Münster Wilhelm Klemm Str. Münster Germany 《清华大学学报》2000,5(4)
IntroductionThedynamicsofelectron-atomandelectron-moleculecollisionshasbeenthefocusofmuchinterestinthepastbecauseofitsrelevanceingasdischargesandplasmas,includinggaslasers,orastrophysicalproblemsofpracticalinterest.Avarietyofinvestigationshavebeenperformedtostudysuchprocessesinsomedetail.Moresophisticatedexperimentalmethodsincludepolarization-correlationmeasurementstoobtaingeneralizedSTUparameters,spinasymmetrieswithpolarizedtargets(alsosuperelasticscatteringfromlaserexcitedtarget),opticalpar… 相似文献