Facile Fabrication of PBS/CNTs Nanocomposite Foam for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

In order to reduce the pollutants of environment and electromagnetic waves, environment friendly polymer foams with outstanding electromagnetic interference shielding are imminently required. In this paper, a kind of electromagnetic shielding, biodegradable nanocomposite foam was fabricated by blending poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by foaming with supercritical CO₂. The crystallization temperature and melting temperature of PBS/CNTs nanocomposites with 4 wt % of CNTs increased remarkably by 6 °C and 3.1 °C compared with that of pure PBS and a double crystal melting peak of various PBS samples appeared in DSC curves. Increasing the CNT content from 0 to 4 wt % leads to an increase of approximately 3 orders of magnitude in storage modulus and nearly 9 orders of magnitude in enhancement of electrical properties. Furthermore, CNTs endowed PBS nanocomposite foam with adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding property, giving a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 28.5 dB cm³/g. This study provides a promising methodology for preparing biodegradable, lightweight PBS/CNTs foam with outstanding electromagnetic shielding properties.     

Plasmonic Pollen Grain Nanostructures: A Three-Dimensional Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Active Substrate

A new route has been developed to design plasmonic pollen grain-like nanostructures (PGNSs) as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrate. The nanostructures consisting of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles along with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoclusters as spacers were found highly SERS-active. The morphology of PGNSs and those obtained in the intermediate stage along with each elemental evolution has been investigated by a high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. The optical band gaps and crystal structure have been identified by UV-vis absorption and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements, respectively. For PGNSs specimen, three distinct absorption bands related to constituent elements Ag, Au, and ZnO were observed, whereas XRD peaks confirmed the existence of Ag, Au, and ZnO within the composition of PGNSs. SERS-activity of PGNSs was confirmed using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as Raman-active dyes. Air-cooled solid-state laser kits of 532 nm were used as excitation sources in SERS measurements. SERS enhancement factor was estimated for PGNSs specimen and was found as high as 3.5×10⁶. Finite difference time domain analysis was carried out to correlate the electromagnetic (EM) near-field distributions with the experiment results achieved under this investigation. EM near-field distributions at different planes were extracted for s-, p- and 45° of incident polarizations. EM near-field distributions for such nanostructures as well as current density distributions under different circumstances were demonstrated and plausible scenarios were elucidated given SERS enhancements. Such generic fabrication route as well as correlated investigation is not only indispensable to realize the potential of SERS applications but also unveil the underneath plasmonic characteristics of complex SERS-active nanostructures.     

Selection of hydrogel electrolytes for flexible zinc–air batteries

Flexible zinc–air batteries attract more attention due to their high energy density, safety, environmental protection, and low cost. However, the traditional aqueous electrolyte has the disadvantages of leakage and water evaporation, which cannot meet application demand of flexible zinc–air batteries. Hydrogels possessing good conductivity and mechanical properties become a candidate as the electrolytes of flexible zinc–air batteries. In this work, advances in aspects of conductivity, mechanical toughness, environmental adaptability, and interfacial compatibility of hydrogel electrolytes for flexible zinc–air batteries are investigated. First, the additives to improve conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are summarized. Second, the measures to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels are taken by way of structure optimization and composition modification. Third, the environmental adaptability of hydrogel electrolytes is listed in terms of temperature, humidity, and air composition. Fourth, the compatibility of electrolyte–electrode interface is discussed from physical properties of hydrogels. Finally, the prospect for development and application of hydrogels is put forward.     

Generation of a four-qubit cluster state for atoms in a thermal cavity

We propose two schemes for generating a four-atom cluster state in a thermal cavity. With the assistant of a strong classical field the photon-number-dependent parts in the effective Hamiltonian are canceled. Thus the schemes are insensitive to the thermal field. The schemes can also be used to generate the cluster state for the trapped ions in thermal motion.     

Generation of entanglement via atomic coherence in a two-mode three-level cascade atomic system

The generation of continuous variable entanglement via atomic coherence in a two-mode three-level cascade atomic system is discussed according to the entanglement criterion proposed by Duan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2722 (2000)]. Atomic coherence between the top and bottom levels is induced with two photons of a strong external pump field. It shows that entanglement for the two-mode field in the cavity can be generated under certain conditions. Moreover, by means of the input-output theory, we show that the two-mode entanglement could also be approached at the output.     

聚乙烯醇与聚己内酰胺合金膜材料制备及其性能表征

甲酸为共溶剂,蒸馏水为共沉淀剂,通过溶液共混和液-固相转变法(L-S)制备出聚乙烯醇与聚己内酰胺(PVA/PA-6)合金.采用黏度法、折光指数法、DSC法、FTIR法、TG法和接触角法研究了PVA/PA-6的相容性、热稳定性及亲水性.结果表明PVA与PA-6有很好的相容性;PVA/PA-6合金膜材料比纯PVA热稳定性好;PA-6可有效地降低PVA/PA-6的亲水性.     

二维开口腔体填充多层各向异性介质TM波散射特性分析

应用区域分解法(DDM)结合有限元(FEM)和边界积分法(BIM)分析了填充多层各向异性介质二维开口腔体TM波散射特性.对腔体外区域采用边界积分法进行分析,将腔体内的每层介质作为一个子域用有限元法分析,各子域间通过传输条件进行耦合.作为算例,分别计算了腔体中填充各向同性和各向异性介质时的散射截面,数值结果表明了该方法的有效性.采用这种技术,大大地减少了对计算机内存的需求.     

聚(2-甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯-co-二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵)水凝胶调控Notoginsenoside药物释放效应

目的研究共聚物2-甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯-co-二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水凝胶对中草药notoginsenoside为模型药物的调控给药释放效应。方法以辐射共聚和交联法合成的新颖温度/酸度敏感性水溶胶,注入3只大鼠体内以研究中药notoginsenoside在其体内受控释放性能。共聚物结构和凝胶片断经红外、紫外以及释放药效分析确证。结果2-甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯(DMAEMA)和二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)为共沸化合物。在标题聚合物中,聚DADMAC电解质的电荷能沿大分子链均匀分布。凝胶的平衡溶胀度(EDS)在载体电荷密度3 %摩尔时最大,而载体电荷密度接近5 %摩尔及其以上时温度敏感性消失。溶液温度、酸度和盐浓度以及凝胶组成和结构能调控notoginsenoside给药释放;用三七(Panax notoginsen,PANS)饱和的水凝胶能有效释放notoginsenoside而呈现出相当好的生物兼容性和具有愈合大鼠伤口的功能。结论靶向药物释放可以通过调节pH,离子强度,溶液温度以及凝胶的组成和结构而有效实现。     

电磁阻尼器性能参数试验研究

电磁阻尼器性能与多种因素有关,在电磁阻尼器基本性能试验研究基础上,制作了一个电磁阻尼器模型,进行了涡流板厚度参数影响的试验研究:做了3种厚度涡流板在不同频率、不同位移情况下的试验,得到了涡流板厚度对阻尼器性能影响的定性结论。     

基于谱域球谐展开的多层快速多极子算法

介绍了基于谱域球谐函数展开的多层快速多极子算法,通过处理三维金属体的散射问题,验证了算法参数选取的经验公式,并对算法性能做出了理论分析,得出该算法具有内存占用少﹑迭代速度快的优点,数值结果显示了该方法的高效性.