全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22624篇 |
免费 | 2434篇 |
国内免费 | 2575篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 16040篇 |
晶体学 | 513篇 |
力学 | 1315篇 |
综合类 | 81篇 |
数学 | 299篇 |
物理学 | 4383篇 |
综合类 | 5002篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 59篇 |
2023年 | 255篇 |
2022年 | 527篇 |
2021年 | 671篇 |
2020年 | 922篇 |
2019年 | 710篇 |
2018年 | 590篇 |
2017年 | 684篇 |
2016年 | 995篇 |
2015年 | 1028篇 |
2014年 | 1156篇 |
2013年 | 1339篇 |
2012年 | 1540篇 |
2011年 | 1391篇 |
2010年 | 1149篇 |
2009年 | 1270篇 |
2008年 | 1390篇 |
2007年 | 1571篇 |
2006年 | 1397篇 |
2005年 | 1237篇 |
2004年 | 1179篇 |
2003年 | 1030篇 |
2002年 | 805篇 |
2001年 | 635篇 |
2000年 | 541篇 |
1999年 | 485篇 |
1998年 | 426篇 |
1997年 | 370篇 |
1996年 | 325篇 |
1995年 | 287篇 |
1994年 | 284篇 |
1993年 | 257篇 |
1992年 | 245篇 |
1991年 | 212篇 |
1990年 | 196篇 |
1989年 | 134篇 |
1988年 | 97篇 |
1987年 | 67篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 365 毫秒
41.
Q. Gong R. N tzel P.J. van Veldhoven T.J. Eijkemans J.H. Wolter 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2005,280(3-4):413-418
We report on the shape transition from InAs quantum dashes to quantum dots (QDs) on lattice-matched GaInAsP on InP(3 1 1)A substrates. InAs quantum dashes develop during chemical-beam epitaxy of 3.2 monolayers InAs, which transform into round InAs QDs by introducing a growth interruption without arsenic flux after InAs deposition. The shape transition is solely attributed to surface properties, i.e., increase of the surface energy and symmetry under arsenic deficient conditions. The round QD shape is maintained during subsequent GaInAsP overgrowth because the reversed shape transition from dot to dash is kinetically hindered by the decreased ad-atom diffusion under arsenic flux. 相似文献
42.
The hyperfine constants for muonium in elemental and binary inorganic solids suggest formation of three different families
of defect centre, with distinct electronic structures. The overall range of values, spanning nearly five orders of magnitude,
and their correlation with host properties such as band gap and electron affinity, reveal a deep-to-shallow instability which
has profound implications for the electrical properties of hydrogen impurity in electronic materials, both semiconducting
and dielectric. 相似文献
43.
Structural characterisation of such bio-objects as fibrinogen solution, yeast cells, wheat seeds and bone tissues has been done using two versions of cryoporometry based on the integral Gibbs-Thomson (IGT) equation for freezing point depression of pore liquids and the measurements by 1H NMR spectroscopy (180-200 < T < 273 K) and the thermally stimulated depolarisation current (TSDC) method (90 < T < 273 K) of structured water. The IGT equation was solved using a self-consisting regularization procedure including the maximum entropy principle applied to the distribution function of pore size (PSD). Both methods give clear pictures of changes in the structural characteristics caused, e.g., by hydration and swelling of wheat seeds and yeast cells, coagulation and interaction of fibrinogen with solid nanoparticles in the aqueous media, and the human bone tissue disease. 相似文献
44.
新型X射线靶设计为:由SiO2和TiO2组成具有12个周期的一维光子晶体,在它的中间嵌入光靶材料层作为缺陷层,SiO2,TiO2和光靶层的光学厚度分别为λ4、λ4和λ2,λ为抽运激光波长.与普通平板光靶相比,当抽运光垂直照射到这种光靶时,靶层内部的光强将提高2个数量级,所以抽运激光的阈值强度将降低2个数量级,这有利于X射线激光的小型化.在同样的抽运激光照射下,X射线激光的强度将提高4个数量级,转换效率也将提高约4个数量级.由于平均电离度随抽运激光强度的提高而提高,所以采用这种光靶有利于使X射线激光向短波长推进.
关键词:
X射线激光
光子晶体
光波局域 相似文献
45.
Electronic properties of model quantum-dot structures in zero and finite magnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Saarikoski E. Räsänen S. Siljamäki A. Harju M.J. Puska R.M. Nieminen 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(2):241-252
We have computed electronic structures and total energies of circularly confined two-dimensional quantum dots and their lateral
dimers in zero and finite uniform external magnetic fields using different theoretical schemes: the spin-density-functional
theory (SDFT), the current-and-spin-density-functional theory (CSDFT), and the variational quantum Monte Carlo (VMC) method.
The SDFT and CSDFT calculations employ a recently-developed, symmetry-unrestricted real-space algorithm allowing solutions
which break the spin symmetry. Results obtained for a six-electron dot in the weak confinement limit and in zero magnetic
field as well as in a moderate confinement and in finite magnetic fields enable us to draw conclusions about the reliability
of the more approximative SDFT and CSDFT schemes in comparison with the VMC method. The same is true for results obtained
for the two-electron quantum dot dimer as a function of inter-dot distance. The structure and role of the symmetry-breaking
solutions appearing in the SDFT and CSDFT calculations for the above systems are discussed.
Received 16 October 2001 and Received in final form 17 January 2002 相似文献
46.
D.A. Garanin E.M. Chudnovsky 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,28(1):3-7
We compute the width and shape of the EPR and tunneling resonances due to dislocations in Mn12 acetate crystals. Uncorrelated dislocations produce the Gaussian shape of resonances while dislocations bound in pairs produce
the Lorentzian shape. We stress that the uniaxial spin Hamiltonian together with crystal defects can explain the totality
of experimental data on Mn12.
Received 2 August 2001 / Received in final form 15 March 2002 Published online 17 September 2002 相似文献
47.
Pirjo Sainio Irma Mäkinen Jaap-Willem Hutter Theo den Ouden Mikael Krysell 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2006,11(3):116-121
The international joint project HYCREF (Contract No. G6RD-CT-2002-00854), funded by the European Commission in the 5th Framework programme, aimed to develop methods to prepare homogeneous and stable reference materials of water, soil, and waste contaminated with mineral oil hydrocarbons and to certify the mineral oil content by gas chromatographic methods. The results of a feasibility study for the preparation of three soil reference materials are discussed in this paper, and for the preparation of three waste reference materials in the second part (Koch et al., Accred Qual Assur submitted for publication). The soil materials were selected to represent different soil types and contamination levels. The project plan set three requirements for these reference materials: uncertainty in the mineral oil content resulting from the certification exercise <5%, a sample inhomogeneity of <3% and a minimum long-term stability of 5 years. For the most part, these requirements were met within this project. 相似文献
48.
本文对远程学习材料中活动设计的重要性、类型和形式、结构、数量安排、与学习者之间的关系等内容进行了全面的介绍,指出良好的活动设计是远程学习材料开发的关键要素,只有符合远程学习特征的学习材料才能真正适合远程学习者的需要,才能保证远程教育的质量。 相似文献
49.
The cation distribution in spinel-related titanium-substituted lithium ferrite, Li0.5+0.5xFe2.5−1.5xTixO4 has been explored using interatomic potential and ab initio calculations. The results suggest that the cation distribution with Ti4+ substituting for Fe3+ on octahedral B sites and excess Li+ substituting for Fe3+ on tetrahedral A sites is stabilised by the formation of clusters of two octahedrally coordinated Ti4+ ions and one tetrahedrally coordinated Li+ ion linked through a common oxygen. 相似文献
50.
In this paper, we have developed an analytical model to study the temperature distributions in IR optical materials heated by laser pulses. Our model takes into account the two-photon absorption (TPA). The calculations are based on a three-dimensional model of heat diffusion in solids using the integral transform method. We find out the rigorous analytical expression of the thermal field when one considers both one- and two-photon absorption. The model is valid for any laser–solid system whose interaction can be described by the generalized Beer–Lambert law. Specific results are presented for an application of the model to ZnSe sample. We find out that TPA can produce detectable temperature variation. 相似文献