The stress driven instability in elastic crystals: Mathematical models and physical manifestations

Summary Equilibrium equations and stability conditions for the simple deformable elastic body are derived by means of considering a minimum of the static energy principle. The energy is supposed to be sum of the volume (elastic) and the surface terms. The ability to change relative positions of different material particles is taken into account, and appropriate natural definitions of the first and second variations of the energy are introduced and calculated explicitly. Considering the case of negligible magnitude of the surface tension, we establish that an equilibrium state of a nonhydrostatically stressed simple elastic body (of any physically reasonable elastic energy potential and of any symmetry) possessing any small smooth part of free surface is always unstable with respect to relative transfer of the material particles along the surface. Surface tension suppresses the mentioned instability with respect to sufficiently short disturbances of the boundary surface and thus can probably provide local smoothness of the equilibrium shape of the crystal. We derive explicit formulas for critical wavelength for the simplest models of the internal and surface energies and for the simplest equilibrium configurations. We also formulate the simplest problem of mathematical physics, revealing peculiarities and difficulties of the problem of equilibrium shape of elastic crystals, and discuss possible manifestations of the above-mentioned instability in the problems of crystal growth, materials science, fracture, physical chemistry, and low-temperature physics.     

氧同位素标准样品的研制

使用高纯同位素物质精确配制同位素混合物,作为标准物,确定质谱仪器的系统误差。本工作用天然丰度水定量稀释高浓重氧水,制取从0.1982至96.92原子％~(18)O的氧同位素标准水样,用来校准质谱仪器。 实验采用BrF_5将水样转化成O_2。用质谱峰高法测定(18)~O和(17)~O丰度。比较质谱测定值和计算得到的丰度值C,求出质谱仪固有偏差校正系数K、并得到K与C的线性相关关系。 共得到16个具有准确丰度值的氧同位素标准水样。     

中国代木包装的现状及发展研究(续)

4 今后发展代木包装的思考及研究我国代木包装虽兴起于七十年代,但在八十年代中期才受到应有的重视和较快的发展,现在在数量、品种、性能上还不能满足各方面包装的需要。随着今后国民经济的进一步发展,必然要求代木包装在数量、质量上要有一个更大的发展。为此,本文在前述对国内外代木包装分析的基础上,兹就今后发展代木包装的目标及方针,任务及规划,对策及措施初步探讨如下。     

喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO4与LiFePO4/C材料及性能研究

采用喷雾干燥-高温固相法制备纳米LiFePO₄与LiFePO₄/C正极材料，用X-射线衍射，扫描电镜等对合成材料进行了表征，并对以LiFePO₄为正极的电池进行了电化学性能测试。结果表明:材料合成最佳煅烧温度为600 ℃;合成过程中由于碳对LiFePO₄晶型的生长有一定的抑制作用，相对于纯LiFePO₄材料，LiFePO₄/C材料粒径更小;并且，在此最佳合成温度下合成的LiF     

催化动力学电位法测定微量锰的研究

用结晶紫选择性电极（自制）以催化电位法对测定微量锰进行了研究。该方法测定标的线性范围为７～７４μｇ／Ｌ，对标准钢样中的锰含量测定结果满意，且操作方便。     

纳秒激光闪光光解装置功能扩展──有机非线性材料二阶非线性系数测定

纳秒级激光闪光光解装置可用于有机光化学、光物理过程，瞬态发光和吸收的动力学过程的研究，在不改变原装置整体布局和结构的基础上，建立了有机非线性光学材料的二阶非线性系数测定方法，并为国家８６３专家委员会承担过仲裁测定。     

Hydrogel nanonetworks with functional core-shell structure

Nanohydrogel particles of poly(acrylonitrile-co-N-isopropylacrylamide (p(AN-c-NIPAM)) were synthesized using a microemulsion polymerization technique. Highly monodisperse nanohydrogel particles e.g. 50-150 nm, and various morphology such as core-shell and connected beads were obtained. It was shown that the shell thickness and the size of particles can be tuned by the monomer concentrations and their ratios as well as by the utilization of different crosslinkers. The hydrophobic core monomer, AN was converted to amidoxime groups to increase the hydrophilicity of the nanogels which provide more hydrophilic character and impart new functionality to the nanonetwork. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were employed for the particle size characterizations. The amidoximation reaction was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.     

一种新的乙酰胆碱酶电极的研究

本文制备了一种以溶剂聚合膜ＰＨ电极作原电极，经高碘酸钠活化的醋酸纤维膜固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的乙酰胆碱生物电极。研究了酶固定化条件的影响，测得静态和动力学条件下的线性中响应范围分别为２４０－１３００μｇ／ｍＬ和３００－１７００μｇ／ｍＬ将电极用于实际样品的回收率试验中，获得了满意的结果。     

介孔材料在烯烃环氧化中的催化应用

本文综述了介孔材料在烯烃环氧化反应中的应用,包括材料的制备方法、催化性能以及活性中心的表征。通过硅钛原子的合理匹配可以达到四配位钛的高度分散,从而提高催化活性。硅烷化处理增加材料表面的疏水性,能够大幅度提高活性和选择性。通过多种谱学和分子模拟等手段可表征骨架钛及其配位情况。