Underestimated Color Centers: Defects as Useful Reducing Agents in Lanthanide‐Activated Luminescent Materials

Inorganic hosts, such as SrB₄O₇ or certain nitrides, intrinsically stabilize Eu²⁺ even when the dopant is an Eu³⁺‐based precursor and reducing conditions are not employed in the synthesis. Although this concept is well known in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials, the mechanistic details are scarcely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that trapped charge carriers, such as color centers, can also act as redox partners to stabilize certain oxidation states of activators. Eu‐activated CsMgCl₃ and CsMgBr₃ are used as examples. Upon doping with EuCl₃ and in the absence of reducing conditions during the synthesis, dominant cyan or green luminescence from Eu²⁺ ions was observed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K revealed that the reduction is correlated to color centers localized at defects. Although defects are typically undesired in phosphors, we have shown that their role may be underestimated and they could be used on purpose in the preparation of selected inorganic phosphors.     

电迁移加速氯盐传输作用下混凝土中钢筋锈蚀

采用电迁移氯离子法加速了混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀过程.应用腐蚀电位、线性极化法、电化学阻抗谱法和循环极化法对比了C50与C80混凝土试件中钢筋的锈蚀行为.比较了混凝土保护层的开裂情况和钢筋的腐蚀形貌.分析结果表明:掺硅灰的C80试件具有优化的孔结构和较大的电阻率,显著延缓了氯离子到达钢筋表面的时间,因而表现出较好的耐蚀性;而...     

面向缩聚模型的结构损伤识别研究

为了减少结构健康监测系统中传感器的数量,创新性地结合缩聚原理和自适应二次乘方和误差法提出了一种面向缩聚模型的结构损伤识别方法.根据模型缩聚原理对结构有限元模型进行了缩聚,依据缩聚后有限元模型、利用自适应二次乘方和误差法对结构参数进行了识别和追踪,从而实现了结构损伤的识别.对某一大型平面桁架结构进行了仿真,期间考虑了白噪声和地震波的影响;对某一悬臂梁结构进行了实验,以研究白噪声、正弦、拟El-Centro 3种激励下的6种情况.结果表明:所提方法只需使用少量的传感器便可精确地识别出结构中损伤的发生时刻和损伤的程度及位置,仿真结果的最大误差小于3%,实验结果的最大误差小于5%.     

贵金属纳米材料生物还原制备技术的研究进展

综述了国内外利用生物还原技术制备贵金属纳米材料及贵金属催化剂的研究进展,并展望了该研究领域的发展方向.     

聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极伏安法检测阿魏酸

通过在水溶液中直接电聚合的方法制备了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极.在pH为4.5,0.1 mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对阿魏酸表现出良好的吸附能力,显著地提高了阿魏酸的电信号强度.探讨了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极的作用机理,建立了阿魏酸的快速检测方法.在浓度为9.1×10-7～3.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内,阿魏酸的微分脉冲氧化峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系,检出限为3.1×10-7mol.L-1.此方法用于中成药逍遥丸中痕量阿魏酸的检测,回收率为97.9%～102.2%.     

格值决策表的属性约简

提出了格值决策表中分配协调集的概念并讨论了它的基本性质,给出了分配协调集的充分必要条件,借助区分矩阵与区分函数给出了计算分配约简的方法.     

Uptake and Reduction of Arsenate by Dunaliella sp.

Uptake and reduction of arsenate [AS(V)] by Dunaliella sp. cells were determined to investigate the metabolic processes of arsenic in the alga. Cellular uptake of arsenic by Dunaliella sp. cells was markedly affected by the form of arsenic in the medium. The content of arsenic taken up by Dunaliella sp. cells increased rapidly with time on addition of As(V) to the medium. However, in the case of addition of arsenite [As(III)], the gradient of arsenic uptake by Dunaliella sp. cells was low, and arsenic content was small. In the water-soluble fraction of arsenic taken up by Dunaliella sp. cells with exposure to As(V), arsenic was in the forms of organic arsenic, As(V) and As(III). The content of As(V) in the water-soluble fraction increased with exposure time. The content of As(III) also increased with time, but remained constant after 5 h of exposure. On the other hand, organic arsenic content was small and did not increase with time. It was found that Dunaliella sp. takes up As(V) and readily reduces it to As(III)     

控制结晶-微波碳热还原法制备高密度LiFePO4/C

应用控制结晶法从溶液相制备球形FePO4.xH2O,再高温烧结得到FePO4前驱体,最后用微波碳热还原法合成高密度L iFePO4/C.由XRD和SEM表征该材料的结构、形貌,并测试其电化学性能.     

实时交通数据的噪声识别和消噪方法

以常用的交通数据———交通量时间序列的实测数据为例,给出多个噪声识别及消噪预处理的实验结果.为提高建模的准确度,采用模糊减法聚类对交叉口实测交通量进行噪声识别.对实测交通量采用奇异值分解的滤波方法进行除噪预处理,并通过训练径向基函数网络进行预测.与数据未经滤波直接训练网络相比,预测结果的平均绝对相对误差降低了3.31%.用小波变换对交通量数据进行消噪处理,即通过多分辨率的小波分解和重构来实现消噪.实验表明,若对原始交通量时间序列消噪后再建立预测模型,将获得更好的预测结果,这说明研究的噪声识别和消噪方法的可行性和有效性.