Ejection of Cluster Ions from a Liquid Beam of an Aniline-Propanol Solution Following Laser Photoionization

A simple technique of preparing a continuous laminar liquid flow in vacuum (liquid beam) was developed and combined with multiphoton ionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This technique was applied to the study on resonance photoionization of an aniline (AN)-propanol (PrOH) solution (0.1 – 0.3 M). Binary cluster ions of aniline and propanol, AN⁺(PrOH)_n (n ≤ 1), and protonated propanol cluster ions, H⁺(PrOH)_n (n ≤ 1), were observed as product ions in the gas phase. The relative intensities of AN⁺PrOH and those of H⁺(PrOH)₂ were measured as functions of the excitation laser power and the concentration of aniline in the propanol solution. The dependences of the ion intensities on the laser power and the AN concentration are explained in terms of a Coulomb ejection model, where the ions are ejected from the surface by Coulomb repulsion exerted from neighboring ions. It is also concluded that H⁺(PrOH)_n is produced by a proton transfer reaction from an aniline ion to solvent molecules in the solution.     

氨水工质功冷联供循环内中温中压能的回收

本文提出两种采用引射器回收氨水工质功冷联供循环内的中温中压能量的改进方案,即通过回收热源能量将中温中压稀氨水工质加热至过热蒸汽状态后作为引射器工作工质分别用于:方案一,引射透平排汽以降低背压;方案二,引射蒸发器出口工质以降低蒸发压力.计算表明相同耗能下,相对于基础循环,方案一的净输出功提高0.9%、(火用)效率提高了0.8%;方案二的冷(火用)输出提高了11.1%,(火用)效率提高了0.7%,从而为有效回收系统内部能量提供了新的途径.     

Numerical observation of preferred directionality in ion ejection from stretched rectilinear ion traps

We report on numerical investigations of directionality of ion ejection in stretched rectilinear ion traps (RIT). Three 4-electrode trap geometries have been investigated. In all cases, one pair of electrodes has slits at their center and the other pair has no slits. The studied traps include the RIT-S, in which the mass analyzer electrodes are symmetrically positioned around the central axis; the RIT-X, in which the mass analyzer has a stretch in the direction of the electrodes which have slits (labeled as x-direction); and the RIT-Y, in which the mass analyzer has a stretch in the direction of the electrodes which have no slits (labeled as y-direction).Our analysis has been carried out on two-dimensional (2D) fields at the centre of an infinitely long mass analyzer. The boundary element method (BEM) has been used for field computations. The trajectory of ion motion has been generated using Runge Kutta fourth order integration.Three sets of simulations have been carried out on each of the RIT-S, the RIT-X and the RIT-Y to check for directionality of ion ejection. In the first, we numerically obtain the stability region on the potential (U_dc– V_rf) axes. In the second we generate an escape velocity plot with U_dc=0 for different values of V_rf. In the third, we simulate the mass selective boundary ejection experiment on a single ion.In the symmetric RIT-S, as expected, all three simulations show that there is an equal probability of ion reaching the trap boundary in either of the x- or y-directions. For the stretched traps, however, the results are dramatically different. For the RIT-X, all three simulations suggest that ion destabilization at the stability boundary occurs in the x-direction. Similarly, for the RIT-Y, ions preferentially get destabilized in the y-direction. That is, ions reaching the trap boundary overwhelmingly prefer the stretch direction.     

多刚体系统分离策略及释放动力学研究

紧密连接的多刚体系统可在脱离运载航天器后在轨自主分离,无需多次利用航天器发射装置或在航天器中安装多个发射装置进行分离释放,从而有效提高运载航天器空间利用率, 简化分离释放操作和降低碰撞风险.本文针对多刚体系统的在轨分离释放问题, 研究在轨分离策略及释放过程动力学.首先, 考虑刚体相对运动及姿态变化,基于虚功原理及自然坐标方法建立单个刚体的动力学模型.考虑多刚体系统在轨分离释放阶段的轨道运动和连接约束变化,计入分离时刚体间的相互作用,利用拉格朗日乘子法获得含连接约束的非线性动力学模型. 考虑到实际工程应用,在多刚体系统分离释放阶段,通过安装在刚体间每个接触表面4个角上的弹射装置实现自主分离. 其次,为保证分离过程中刚体之间无碰撞发生, 规划了多刚体系统的分离时序,并基于不同弹射方向及分离顺序设计了两种分离释放方案. 最后,通过算例研究分析了在轨分离释放过程中刚体的非线性动力学行为,验证了分离释放方案的有效性.     

Study of the fluence dependent interplay between laser induced material removal mechanisms in metals: Vaporization, melt displacement and melt ejection

Three quantitative methods, namely profilometry, high speed imaging and recoil momentum measurements using a ballistic pendulum, are used to determine the interplay of vaporization, melt displacement and melt ejection on nanosecond laser induced material removal. At low to moderate fluences (<7 J cm⁻²) material removal occurs via vaporization and melt displacement in aluminium. At high fluences (>7 J cm⁻²), material removal occurs predominantly via the explosive ejection of liquid droplets from the melt pool.     

自制激光离子源射频离子阱质谱仪性能的测试

自行研制了一台配置了激光离子源的射频离子阱质谱仪,并测试了该仪器的一些主要功能,测试结果显示：该仪器不仅能记录激光产生的正负离子的质谱,而且能实现离子质量选择存储和囚禁离子的共振射出。测试结果与理论模拟的结果基本一致。     

液滴喷射技术在全聚合物薄膜晶体管制备中的应用

研究液滴喷射技术在全聚合物薄膜晶体管制备中的应用,并着重分析电极材料在预成型基底表面的沉积扩散情况。通过数值模拟,分析隔断材料、液滴与隔断间距、液滴碰撞速度3个因素对沉积的影响。结果发现,只有当这3个要素配置合理时,才能保证液滴的正常沉积,从而保证晶体管的质量。例如,当隔断材料采用聚酰亚胺,沟道宽度为5μm,液滴与隔断间距为30μm,液滴碰撞速度为4m/s时,液滴能够正常沉积,晶体管的质量得到保证。本文结果可为TFTs的制作提供一定的参考。     

Acoustic methods for high‐throughput protein crystal mounting at next‐generation macromolecular crystallographic beamlines

To take full advantage of advanced data collection techniques and high beam flux at next‐generation macromolecular crystallography beamlines, rapid and reliable methods will be needed to mount and align many samples per second. One approach is to use an acoustic ejector to eject crystal‐containing droplets onto a solid X‐ray transparent surface, which can then be positioned and rotated for data collection. Proof‐of‐concept experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Light Source on thermolysin crystals acoustically ejected onto a polyimide `conveyor belt'. Small wedges of data were collected on each crystal, and a complete dataset was assembled from a well diffracting subset of these crystals. Future developments and implementation will focus on achieving ejection and translation of single droplets at a rate of over one hundred per second.