马鸡属鸟类卵壳元素成分研究

采用电感偶合等离子体光普仪测定了马鸡属4种鸟类卵壳中化学元素的质量含量,褐马鸡（C.mantchuricum),白马鸡（C,crossoptilon)和蓝马鸡（C.auritum)卵壳中测定出19种元素成分,哈曼马鸡（C.harmani)为21种元素,北京动物园饲养的褐马鸡,白以允许和蓝马鸡三者卵壳元素成分和含量基本相同;野生的褐马鸡和哈曼马鸡卵壳元素中P,Pb,Fe和Ti的质量含量有明显差异,同时褐马鸡野生个体和饲养个体比较,卵壳元素Zn,Fe,Al,Mn和Ti的质量含量差异明显。     

利用壳膜制备碳酸钙及形成机理研究

利用鸡蛋壳膜控制反应物的扩散速度,制备了不同形貌的CaCO3材料,模拟再现了生物矿化过程中Ca2 离子在有机物调制下形成不同形貌CaCO3的过程.由于壳膜内外表面结构不同,沉积在外表面得到由片状粒子组成的CaCO3晶体,而沉积在壳膜内表面得到由小粒子组成的多面体CaCO3晶体.利用X-ray粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对样品的物相、结构、形貌和尺寸进行了表征,并初步探讨了CaCO3的形成机理.     

Eggshell‐Assisted Preparation of Mixed Nanoparticles Simultaneously Encapsulated in Carbon Microcubes for Reversible Lithium Storage

Nanoparticle‐based electrodes often suffer from poor electrical properties due to high interparticle resistance, as well as low Coulombic efficiency attributed to large surface area induced parasitic reactions. In order to address this issue, a strategy of encapsulating two kinds of nanoparticles of both metal oxide and metallic nanoparticles is attempted, simultaneously, in microscale carbon cubic shells for highly reversible lithium storage. The unique structure is synthesized by simultaneous reactions of (1) decomposition of crystalline Co₂(OH)₃Cl microparticle precursor, synthesized in unique eggshell reactor systems, into nanoparticles, (2) partial reduction of CoO into metallic Co by eggshell membrane, (3) carbon coating by chemical vapor deposition facilitated by presence of catalytic Co with carbon released from the eggshell membrane, and (4) microscale carbon shell formed using the Co₂(OH)₃Cl particles as microtemplates. The carbon shells can prevent the encapsulated mixed nanoparticles from direct contact with electrolyte and reduce undesirable parasitic reactions, and accommodate volumetric variation during cycling. The introduction of metallic Co nanoparticles can reduce interparticle resistance. When evaluated for lithium storage, the unique structures of CoO–Co@C demonstrate superior electrochemical performances in terms of electrode stability and rate performance, as compared to that of pure CoO.     

Sustainable use of eggshell powder in the composite based on recycled polystyrene and virgin polystyrene mixture

One of the ideas to recycle plastic waste is to mix it with virgin plastic in order to produce sustainable material. In this study, recycled polystyrene (R-PS) is used as a mixing component with virgin polystyrene (PS). Besides, eggshell powder (ESP) was also incorporated to reduce the compounding cost of the composite. Effects of R-PS/PS weight percentage on properties of composites were studied. Increasing PS content has increased tensile properties and impact strength of composites. Results obtained from these properties are in good relation to SEM micrographs. More surprisingly, R-PS plays a crucial role in enhancing the thermal stability of composites. This is simply due to the impurities contained in R-PS.     

Sol-gel TiO2 decorated on eggshell nanocrystal as engineered adsorbents for removal of acid dye

Calcined eggshell (CES) food residue was modified by depositing sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with narrow size distribution onto it through in situ precipitation and a novel hybrid nano biosorbent, namely TiO₂-CES, was obtained. The deposition was characterized and the TiO₂-CES nano network was used for efficient adsorption of single azo class anionic dye acid red nylon 57 (AN57) from aqueous solutions and the adsorption was pH dependent. Lower pH favored the sorption at the tested different pHs of 1.0–8.0. The calcination temperature had a cogent influence on the adsorption process. The sorption process reached equilibrium within 40?min, and the mathematical models were positively verified and could be described by a pseudo-second-order pattern, while equilibrium was described with Langmuir-type equation. In addition, the reusability study has proven that 0.5?M HNO₃ was efficient enough to desorb AN57 from the hybrid nano sorbent. All results validated that TiO₂-CES is Eco-Friendly adsorbent material practical treatment of dyes contaminated water.     

池鹭卵壳成分和超微结构的研究

对池鹭卵壳进行了扫描电镜观察及ＴＮ５５００能谱仪元素分析．壳膜内有特殊球形胶原蛋白结晶体，并合一定量的硅和硫．乳锥体层里峰石状，壳内面观有发达菊花状乳锥和不发达的块状乳锥，前者有较多纤维锚连其上，乳锥体层似垒石样排列，海绵层气孔发达，并贯穿开口于克的内外表面，表层除不同形状的开口外，还有球形、凸形多种突起，这些与鸟美的遗传性、生殖系统的生理功能有关，也反映了一定的种属特异性．     

扁嘴海雀卵壳的超微结构观察

扁嘴海雀卵壳的扫描电镜和ＴＮ－５５００能谱仪研究表明，海雀卵壳由Ｃａ，Ｓｉ，Ｋ，ＣＩ，Ｓ等元素构成，可分表怪，海绵层，乳锥体层，壳膜层，其超微结构与卵壳的生理功能和遗传特点相关。     

日粮中添加甜菜碱对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响

将１０８只２９周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为３组（１、２、３组，１组为对照组），每组３６只，饲喂３种不同处理的日粮６周（各组分别含甜菜碱０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ），测定每组鸡的饲料消耗、产蛋率和平均蛋重；试验期末每组随机取鸡蛋３０杖，分别测定蛋壳厚度、蛋壳灰分含量及哈夫单位。结果表明：３组的产蛋率、产蛋量分别比１组提高９．９％和９．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），料蛋比降低８．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），而２组与１组相比差异不显著；平均蛋重和蛋壳厚度各组间差异不显著；哈夫单位２组和３组分别比１组高１．１％和１．８％（Ｐ＜０．０ｓ），蛋壳灰分含量分别比１组高１．３％和１．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明蛋壳矿物质沉积有明显增加。     

蛋壳品质测定及单独补饲不同钙源对产蛋性能的影响

对伊莎褐商品代蛋鸡所产鸡蛋的破损率和蛋的品质进行了测定．结果发现产蛋阶段的破损率为４．４９％（范围：２．４３％－６．７９％），集蛋阶段破损率为２．０８％（范围１．４１％－２．９５％），随母鸡周龄递增，蛋的破损率升高，蛋壳品质下降，鸡笼层次对破损率无显著影响；对４４周龄蛋鸡分别单独补饲骨粒（采食量的３％）、贝壳粉（采食量的２％）后，与对照组相比，平均产蛋率无显著差异，平均蛋重以补饲骨粒组极显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），显著高于补饲贝壳粉组（Ｐ＜０．０５），补饲贝壳粉组显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）．单独补饲骨粒或贝壳粉均极显著地降低破损率（Ｐ＜０．０１），且补饲骨粒组的破损率极显著低于补饲贝壳粉组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．补饲骨粒组的蛋壳重（ｇ）及蛋壳厚度（ｍｍ）均极显著地高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．     

蛋膜结构氧化锌微纤维的合成与表征

以鸡蛋壳内膜为模板,通过简单环保的液相浸渍技术结合热处理工艺制备具有蛋膜分级结构特征的氧化锌微纤维材料.在整个过程中,蛋膜直接参与了化学反应并发挥了物理化学诱导作用,所得到的产物是由氧化锌纳米晶粒组装起来的具有三维交织结构的微纤维网络,以此实现对蛋膜形态结构的精确复制.