Synthesis of polycrystalline materials of SrWO4 and growth of its single crystal

The polycrystalline materials of SrWO₄ were synthesized by means of a solid phase reaction with analytical purity SrCO₃ and WO₃ at high temperature. The transparent SrWO₄ single crystal with dimension of ϕ 22 mm×40 mm has been successfully grown along a-axis by Czochralski method. X-ray powder diffraction results show that the as-grown SrWO₄ single crystal belongs to tetragonal system and I4₁/a space group. The measured density of SrWO₄ is 6.439 g·cm⁻³ by buoyancy method. The effective segregation coefficients of W and Sr elements in SrWO₄ single crystal are close to 1 by the X-ray fluorescence method. __________ Translated from Journal of Shandong University (Natural Science), 2005, 40(4) (in Chinese)     

聚乙烯广角激光散射研究(Ⅱ)

本文用广角激光散射仪考察了带有同心圆消光环的聚乙烯球晶的Hv光散射图形,用有效偶极矩模型解释了图形的成因,从而探讨了晶片的扭曲现象,理论分析与实验结果相一致。     

The latest research progress on the prevention of storage pests by natural products: Species,mechanisms, and sources of inspiration

The quality of grains is influenced by storage pests, which are not only spoilers of stored grain, but also vectors of human and animal diseases. Chemical pesticides play an essential role in the cultivation and storage of cereals, however, due to the low degradability and residual toxicity of synthetic pesticides on the environment and non-target organisms, as well as the increasing resistance of target organisms to them, consideration should be given to the development of alternative pest control agents. Compounds isolated from natural sources have emerged as preferred targets for the development of novel insecticidal agents because of their eco-friendliness, safety, and effectiveness. In this review, we primarily focus on the natural product (NPs) control of storage pests. The effective monomer components of NPs and their anti-insect mechanisms were discussed, and natural sources of inspiration and models for insect repellents are described. This review aimed to provide guidelines for the exploitation and utilization of green and efficient natural insecticides.     

Solubilization of phospholipid bilayers by C14-alkyl betaine/anionic mixed surfactant systems

The mechanisms governing the solubilizing interactions between zwitterionic/anionic mixed surfactant systems at different molar fractions of the zwitterionic surfactant (X _zwitter) and unilamellar liposomes were investigated. Solubilization was detected as a decrease in static lightscattering of liposome suspensions. Three parameters were regarded as corresponding to the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the surfactant system a) saturated the liposomesRe _sat; b) resulted in 50% solubilization of liposomesRe _50%, and c) led to a complete solubilization of these structuresRe _sol. These parameters corresponded to theRe at which light scattering stars to decrease, reaches 50% of the original value and shows no further decrease. From these parameters the surfactant partition coefficients for these three steps (K _sat,K _50% andK _sol) were also determined. The mixed systems were formed byN-tetradecyl-N, N-dimethylbetaine (C₁₄-Bet) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in PIPES buffer at pH 7.20. Liposomes were formed by egg phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (9:1 molar ratio). When the range ofX _zwitter was about 0.4–0.6Re andK parameters showed a maximum, whereas the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these systems exhibited a minimum. Given that the ability of the surfactant systems to solubilize liposomes is inversely related toRe _sol, this capacity appeared to be directly correlated with the CMC of the systems. The progressive rise ofK during the process indicates that an increasing surfactant partition equilibrium governs the interaction process from the saturation until the solubilization of vesicles, the free surfactant concentration remaining almost constant with similar values to the CMC for each mixed system studied.     

Finite element modeling of syntactic foam

A decomposition model has been developed to predict the response of removable syntactic foam (RSF) exposed to fire-like heat fluxes. RSF consists of glass micro-balloons (GMB) in a cured epoxy polymer matrix. A chemistry model is presented based on the chemical structure of the epoxy polymer, mass transport of polymer fragments to the bulk gas, and vapor-liquid equilibrium. Thermophysical properties were estimated from measurements. A bubble nucleation, growth, and coalescence model was used to describe changes in properties with the extent of reaction. Decomposition of a strand of syntactic foam exposed to high temperatures was simulated.     

溶液荧光量子产率相对测量中的某些影响因素

本文结合等吸收点激发-校正荧光发射光谱积分面积比相对测定溶液荧光量子产额法的特点和实际测量体会,讨论了相对法测定溶液荧光量子产率的某些影响因素,诸如吸光度A的控制,λ_(ex)的选择和准确度要求,散射和荧光背景影响,以及标准和未知溶液间浓度的配匹问题,并提出了消除或减少这些影响的方法。     

倏逝波在锥形光纤折射率计中的传感作用

对锥形光纤模间干涉结构产生的倏逝波与模式有效折射率间的关系进行了理论计算与研究,并仿真得出随着外界折射率变化而移动的干涉光谱,以此在理论方面证明倏逝波的产生对提高波长解调型的锥形模间干涉折射率传感器的灵敏度起着至关重要的作用.基于倏逝波的吸收光谱法计算了锥形区域在不同轮廓线、不同锥区长度以及不同锥径时的倏逝波强度,对优化锥区形状提高折射率测量的灵敏度有所帮助.最后以拉锥的模间干涉光纤传感结构测量折射率的实验验证了理论计算的正确性.     

Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子制备及其超级电容器电极特性

以甲烷作为碳源气体,块体锰作为原料,采用一种简单的直流电弧等离子体法成功制备了Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子,用于高性能超级电容器的电极材料.所制备的Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子平均直径为30~35nm.拉曼光谱结果显示石墨碳壳具有良好的导电性.通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电及电化学交流阻抗谱对Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料进行电化学性能分析,结果表明其具有高比电容、快速充放电等优异的电化学性能.在扫描速率为1mV/s时,比电容最高可达185.8F/g.同时具有良好的循环稳定性,在100mV/s扫描速率下1 000次循环伏安测试后,比电容仍保持为最初的88%,与单纯Mn_7C_3(79%)相比,有明显提高.Mn_7C_3@C核壳型纳米粒子电极材料优异的电化学性能归因于其良好的核壳结构,富缺陷碳层具有良好的导电性,有助于离子的传输和结构的稳定,而内核Mn_7C_3主要产生赝电容,在C和Mn_7C_3的协同作用下产生双电层和赝电容双模式储能机制.     

关于各向异性电介质圆柱形电容器的讨论

利用电容器的并联、串联以及能量的方法,计算了充有线性各向异性电介质和对数各向异性电介质时圆柱形电容器的电容,并比较了两种电介质对电容的影响.     

MnO_2/石墨烯复合电极材料的制备与储能性能

以葡萄糖为还原剂,天然石墨片为原料,采用Hummer法制备了石墨烯粉末(Graphene);并以该产物、KMnO4和HCl为原料,采用水热法制备了MnO2/Graphene复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对所制备的复合材料进行了表征,结果表明,水热法制备的MnO2材料为纯的α-MnO2相,且石墨烯粉末的加入并没有影响MnO2的晶体结构。在1mol/L Na2SO4电解液中进行了循环伏安和计时电位扫描测试,电极材料电化学性能稳定,具有较好的可逆性,在1.27mA/cm2电流密度下进行充放电测试时,电极比电容为147.9F/g;再循环1000次后,电极仍能保持稳定的电容,是一种理想的电化学电极材料。