钼及其植物生理生态效应

对广东鼎湖山钼矿区内植物的含钼量、植物群落种类以及植物生理生态效应进行了调查分析。结果表明：(1)植物个体对钼的积累与土壤中钼的含量密切相关,即土壤中钼含量高时植物叶片中的钼也高;(2)土壤中的含钼量影响植物群落种类和植物的生理生态特征;(3)豆目植物是钼的重要指示植物,而鼠刺对钼的有控吸收力最强。     

关于生态美学的思考

美学是研究人对天地人三才和万事万物的观感体验而产生的美感愉悦之情,环境和景观是生态系统的最主要的感性显现,这种感性显现如何影响人类的心灵,正需要美学来回答。从美学的角度研究生态系统不仅是可能的,而且是必要的。生态美学不是研究人与生物、环境的伦理关系,而是研究其审美关系;环境和景观是生态系统的感性外观,是生态美的主要表现;生态美学的哲学出发点应是本体存在论,而不是主客二分的认识论。     

高精度激光倾角测量技术研究

本文提出了一种高精度激光电子二维倾角测量技术,该技术利用液体表面多次光反射,将倾角变化转换成激光光斑的位移,并通过多次光学反射实现光学放大,从而实现了倾角和倾角变化的高精度测量.利用本技术实现的倾角测量仪器具有测量精度高、体积小等优点,经过标定试验系统测量精度达到2.5″.高精度激光电子二维倾角测量系统可广泛应用于水坝安全监测工程、各种建筑和检测领域.     

绿色基础设施雨污管理规划研究进展

传统雨水和污水管理基础设施的弊端在高速城市化进程下日益显现,绿色基础设施已被认为是更具可持续性的、理想的替代设施.从目标制定、设施类型选择、所选设施数量及规模确定、选址和绿色基础设施网络优化5个方面对绿色基础设施规划于雨水和污水管理领域的已有研究进行了总结,分析不足和未来研究方向.鉴于难以量化绿色基础设施收益限制了相关规划研究的发展,指出通过跨学科、多部门合作,建立水文生态耦合模型探究水文过程和生态过程交互机制是支持绿色基础设施提供水文、生态和社会综合效益的量化研究的可行途径.阐述了分别从设施尺度和网络尺度进行完整的绿色基础设施规划研究的必要性,明晰了景观格局优化是在设施尺度研究的基础上进行绿色基础设施网络优化以保障并提升绿色基础设施功能的技术路线,指出对绿色基础设施的规划研究应逐渐由雨污管理功能延伸至社会生态系统中兼顾生态环境和社会经济视角的多项生态系统服务的提供.     

微塑料对高等植物生长发育影响研究进展

微塑料污染作为新兴环境问题倍受关注.高等植物作为人类和动物赖以生存不可或缺的重要组成部分,对保持生态系统平衡起着至关重要的作用.微塑料颗粒释放到环境中,不可避免地会与高等植物相互作用.高等植物受微塑料污染后,其生长发育特性受到影响,并将可能影响陆地生态系统及食物链.因此,研究微塑料对高等植物生长发育的影响具有重要意义.目前,虽然已有较多微塑料对高等植物生长发育影响的研究,但还缺乏对已有近期研究成果系统、全面的综述.综述了微塑料对高等植物生长发育影响的研究,总结了微塑料对高等植物影响的主要因素,分析了微塑料对高等植物影响机理及潜在生态风险,并针对微塑料对高等植物的影响及生态效应提出研究展望,为今后微塑料的污染防控提供科学依据.     

Risk Analysis in Transport and Storage of Monomers: An Accident Investigation

Summary: In this work the analysis of an accident in transport of dangerous goods is proposed. The objective of this study is to contribute to the determination of the causes that brought about the self-polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene (DVB 63%) contained in an iso-container, in order to prevent this accident to happen in the future. Time and conditions during transport and storage of monomers (in particular the storage temperature) are very important factors, that affect the self-polymerization aptitude of these substances. To stabilize this monomer, usually 4-tert-Butylcatechol (TBC) is added at a level of 900–1200 ppm by weight to act as an inhibitor to prevent the self-initiated autopolymerization of the material. In particular one hypothesis has been investigated: probably the quantity of oxygen in the tanker was insufficient to activate properly the inhibition mechanism of TBC. From this consideration the self-polymerization of DVB and the inhibition mechanism of TBC have been studied as a function of temperature and monomer exposure to air. Different calorimetric techniques have been applied, in particular Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Adiabatic Calorimetry, to investigate the causes of the accident.     

Safety and Quality Aspects of Acrylic Monomers

Summary : Acrylic monomers are important intermediates for the chemical industry. Especially acrylic acid (AA) is the basis for various reactions, such as polymerizations and esterifications and is, therefore, responsible for high product diversity. Spontaneous polymerization is a safety problem during the transportation and storage of acrylic monomers. In the production process, polymerization leads to blockages in the apparatus. For the prevention of these issues, special stabilizer systems are used such as hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MeHQ)/oxygen and phenothiazine (PTZ). The reactions of these stabilizer systems are not well understood at the moment. Therefore a lot of expertise and experience are necessary to guarantee safe handling. In this paper some methods for the investigation of stability related reaction kinetics are presented. A better comprehension of the mechanism of the polymerization inhibition is generated by the kinetic simulation with these data.     

Lateral flow (immuno)assay: its strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey

Lateral flow (immuno)assays are currently used for qualitative, semiquantitative and to some extent quantitative monitoring in resource-poor or non-laboratory environments. Applications include tests on pathogens, drugs, hormones and metabolites in biomedical, phytosanitary, veterinary, feed/food and environmental settings. We describe principles of current formats, applications, limitations and perspectives for quantitative monitoring. We illustrate the potentials and limitations of analysis with lateral flow (immuno)assays using a literature survey and a SWOT analysis (acronym for “strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats”). Articles referred to in this survey were searched for on MEDLINE, Scopus and in references of reviewed papers. Search terms included “immunochromatography”, “sol particle immunoassay”, “lateral flow immunoassay” and “dipstick assay”.     

快中子临界装置堆外物体坠落事故规模计算

根据弱中子源点火理论推导了反应堆意外超瞬发临界事故的裂变产额估算公式,分析了堆外物体意外坠落在快中子临界装置表面的事故规模。对防止快中子临界装置发生超瞬发临界事故提出了对策建议。     

使用日夜两用型红外摄像机进行火焰检测

为了提高火灾监控的准确性和及时性,并最大限度地利用已有硬件设备,提出一种使用日夜两用型红外摄像机的火灾自动监控方法.根据红外图像RGB空间的色彩分布特点,设计视频类型判断算法,实现视频图像类型自动切换.通过红外状态与可见光状态两类状态下的焰色模型提取火焰疑似区域.对疑似火焰区域提取不规则度、角点量、闪烁频率和帧间相关性等4个静态及动态检测特征.通过减聚类和模糊C均值聚类相融合的方式优化训练样本,并分别训练2种状态下的火焰识别神经网络分类器.实验结果表明:视频类型判别平均准确率93.07%,21段火焰或干扰视频均能正确检测,报警时间小于8s,帧处理速度达到25帧/s以上.对室内自动火灾监控的精度高、抗干扰能力强、处理速度实时和适应全天候监控等.